疫情時期的別樣球賽：紙板人當觀眾

新冠肺炎疫情已經讓世界各地的體育賽事中斷了好幾個月，今天小編給大家帶來了疫情時期的別樣球賽：紙板人當觀眾，希望可以幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

疫情時期的別樣球賽：紙板人當觀眾

As sports resume, some fans will be made of cardboard”

When Major League Baseball kicks off its abridged season this month, its fan base is going to look dramatically different and they won’t be nearly as loud.

美國職業棒球大聯盟復賽于本月開幕時，現場的粉絲團看起來將會大不一樣，而且會安靜得多。

That’s because teams like the Oakland Athletics, San Francisco Giants and a handful of others will be filling their stands with cardboard cutouts of fans. The trend, which we first saw in European soccer leagues, has now made its way to the United States.

這是因為奧克蘭運動家隊、舊金山巨人隊和其他幾支棒球隊將會在觀眾席位上放上粉絲們的紙板人。這一潮流首見于歐洲足球聯賽，如今也傳到了美國。

When MLB returns after a lost spring due to coronavirus, fans will not be permitted in the stands. That has forced teams to look for creative solutions to recoup in-stadium revenue and create fan engagement.

因為疫情而損失了春季球賽的美國職業棒球大聯盟歸來后，現場看臺不允許粉絲進入。這迫使棒球隊尋找創意方式來找補球場收入、增加粉絲參與度。

recoup[r??ku?p]: vt. 收回;恢復

The A’s announced the start of the “Coliseum Cutouts” program on Monday, which allows fans to put their image on an 18 x 30 cardboard cutout and for the chance to see their cutout appear on television. In 24 hours, the A’s said they have already sold 1,000 “season tickets” for the cardboard cutouts.

奧克蘭運動家隊本周一(6月29日)宣布啟動“球場紙板人”項目，該項目允許粉絲將大小為18英寸.0英寸(0.46米..76米)的個性紙板人放在座位上，并有機會看到自己的紙板人在電視上出現。奧克蘭運動家隊表示，24小時內他們就售出了1000張“紙板人季票”。

"Response has been extremely strong,” Oakland A’s president Dave Kaval told CNBC in an interview. “People are especially interested in the foul ball dunk, where if your cutout gets hit, we send you the authenticated ball to your house.”

奧克蘭運動家隊的主席戴夫·卡瓦爾在CNBC的一次訪談中說：“我們收到了非常熱情的反饋。人們對界外球尤其感興趣，如果你的紙板人被球砸到，我們將把原球寄到你家。”

The price of cutouts varies by team, but in Oakland, prices start at $49 and go up to $129, depending on location in the stands.

每個球隊給紙板人的定價都不同，但在奧克蘭運動家隊，紙板人價格從49美元(約合人民幣346元)到129美元不等，取決于在看臺上的位置。

The fine print says that commercial advertisements, slogans, websites and social media handles will not be permitted on the cutouts. Offensive or negative references and names of MLB players are also prohibited.

細則中寫道，商業廣告、標語、網站和社交媒體入口不允許出現在紙板人上，和職業棒球大聯盟球員有關的攻擊性或負面信息以及球員名字也禁止出現在上面。

The A’s said the cutouts will remain in the ballpark for the 2020 regular season and fans will have the option to take home their cutout as a souvenir when the season ends. The A’s do not guarantee the condition of cutouts from weather and other elements.

奧克蘭運動家隊稱，紙板人將會在2020常規賽季中一直保留在棒球場中，粉絲可以選擇在賽季結束時將自己的紙板人帶回家留念。奧克蘭運動家隊不保證紙板人不會因為天氣和其他因素而受損。

Kaval said that there’s also a visual component to having cardboard fans at the ballpark.

卡瓦爾稱，棒球場中有紙板人粉絲的話，畫面效果會更好。

"It has a better feel for the broadcast experience versus seeing empty stands, so I think you will see more and more teams adopt something like this, not only for the fan engagement but for the broadcast experience,” he said.

他說：“播出時看見紙板人比看見空座位感覺更好，所以我認為你會看見越來越多球隊采用紙板人的做法，不只是為了增加粉絲參與度，也是為了提升播出效果。”

The Oakland A’s are letting their fans be at their ballparks virtually with its Coliseum Cutouts program. Source: Oakland A’s.

The San Francisco Giants are running a similar cardboard cutout program for season ticket holders, which they plan to open to the public beginning on Monday. The Giants plan to put the images of the season ticket holders in their actual seat locations.

舊金山巨人隊也向季票持有者推出了類似的紙板人項目，他們計劃從周一開始向公眾開放。巨人隊計劃將季票持有者的紙板人放在他們的實際座位上。

The Oakland Athletics said their Coliseum Cutout program is not designed to make money for the organization, but to raise money for local charities that have been impacted by Covid-19.

奧克蘭運動家隊稱，他們的“球場紙板人”項目不是為了給球隊賺錢，而是為了給受新冠疫情沖擊的當地慈善機構籌款。

The San Francisco Giants said it’s less about the money and more of a fun way to engage with its fans.

舊金山巨人隊稱，與其說是為了賺錢，不如說是一種和粉絲互動的有趣方式。

The Giants are charging $99 for their program and are providing the cutouts to season ticket holders that have agreed to roll their money to next season.

巨人隊的這一項目收費99美元，將向那些下一季愿意繼續購票的季票持有者提供紙板人。

Yet in Germany, Bundesliga’s Borussia M?nchengladbach sold 23,000 cutouts, according to Be At the Game, the company behind the program. With an average price of $26, that’s about $600,000 in revenue.

然而在德國，據運營紙板人項目的公司Be At the Game介紹，德國足球甲級聯賽的普魯士明興格拉德巴赫隊賣出了2.3萬個紙板人。每個紙板人的均價是26美元，總收入約60萬美元。

Tom Hickson, co-founder of Be At the Game, said his company has been in discussions with the NBA, NHL and MLS teams about utilizing this new type of fan.

Be At the Game公司的聯合創始人湯姆·西克森表示，他們的公司一直在和美國男子籃球職業聯賽、北美職業冰球聯賽和美國職業足球大聯盟的球隊就使用這種新型“粉絲”進行洽談。

"As sports fans, we’re all obviously aggrieved about the fact that the Covid-19 pandemic has prevented fans from entering into sports stadiums and arenas across the world,” Hickson said. “So it’s a way in which fans can be re-engaged.”

“作為體育迷，我們顯然都對于新冠疫情阻止粉絲進入世界各地的體育場館的事實感到悲憤，”西克森說，“所以這是讓粉絲重新參與進來的一個方式。”

全球第二季度減少4億個全職工作 女性受影響更大

The coronavirus is expected to have cost 400 million jobs in the second quarter

The coronavirus pandemic is expected to have resulted in a 14% drop in global working hours in the second quarter of 2020, the International Labour Organization has said.

國際勞工組織近日稱，2020年第二季度，新冠肺炎疫情預計將導致全球工作時間減少14%。

The United Nations’ labor agency said this updated fall in working hours was the equivalent of 400 million full-time job losses globally in the second quarter, based on a standard 48-hour working week.

聯合國國際勞工組織稱，按每周工作48小時的標準計算，最新統計的工作時間降幅相當于第二季度全球減少4億個全職工作崗位。

This marked a “sharp increase” on the 10.7% fall in working hours, or 305 million job losses, that the ILO forecasted for that period, in its previous report on the impact of Covid-19 on the labor market, published in May.

國際勞工組織5月份發布的關于新冠肺炎對勞動力市場影響的報告預測稱，今年第二季度全球工作時間預計減少10.7%(即3.05億個全職工作)。而最新數據與之相比大幅上升。

In this fifth edition of its “Covid-19 and the world of work” monitor, the ILO said that the Americas were the most affected region, with an estimated 18.3% drop in working hours, or 70 million full-time jobs.

在第五版“新冠肺炎與全球工作”監測報告中，國際勞工組織表示，美洲是受影響最嚴重的地區，工作時間預計減少了18.3%，即7000萬個全職工作。

The working-hour losses are calculated based on the ILO’s “nowcasting” model, which is statistical forecasting drawing on real-time economic and labor market data. It uses the fourth quarter of 2019 as the basis for falls.

工作時間損失是根據國際勞工組織的“即時預測”模型計算的，該模型利用實時經濟和勞動力市場數據進行統計預測，并與2019年第四季度做對比。

In the first quarter, the ILO calculated a 5.4% fall in working hours worldwide, equating to 155 million jobs, in comparison to the fourth quarter of last year.

據國際勞工組織計算，今年第一季度全球工作時間較去年第四季度減少5.4%，相當于1.55億個全職工作。

The ILO said there were multiple factors causing this global decline such as, shorter working hours, temporary leave — or furlough — as well as unemployment and “inactivity.”

國際勞工組織表示，造成這一數據下降的因素有很多，如工作時間縮短、臨時休假(或暫時解雇)、失業和“不活躍”等。

furlough[?f??l??]：n.休假;暫時解雇;放假

Passangers wearing face masks walk the terminal of Warsaw Chopin Airport following an outbreak of coronavirus disease in Warsaw, Poland, March 13, 2020. [Photo/Agencies]

2020年下半年全球職場展望

The ILO’s report also outlined three different scenarios for a labor market recovery in the second half of the year.

國際勞工組織的報告還概述了今年下半年勞動力市場復蘇的三種不同情景。

The baseline model projects a 4.9% decline in working hours, or 140 million job losses, compared to the fourth quarter of 2019. This scenario is assuming a rebound in economic activity according to existing forecasts, the lifting of workplace lockdown restrictions, in addition to a recovery in consumption and investment.

根據基線模型預測，與2019年第四季度相比，今年下半年全球工作時間將減少4.9%，相當于損失1.4億個全職工作。這一設想是在假定經濟活動根據現有預測出現復蘇、解除工作場所封鎖限制以及消費和投資復蘇的前提下得出的。

A pessimistic scenario would see an estimated 11.9% fall in working hours, or 340 million job losses. This is based on there being a second wave of coronavirus cases, prompting the return of lockdown restrictions, therefore meaning a “significantly slow recovery.”

按照悲觀的估計，全球工作時間將減少11.9%，相當于損失3.4億個全職工作。這是基于出現第二波新冠疫情，促使封鎖限制恢復，因而“恢復非常緩慢”的前提下得出的。

The optimistic model would work out to an estimated 1.2% decrease in working hours, or 34 million job cuts. This best-case scenario would be the result of workers’ activities resuming quickly, “significantly boosting aggregate demand and job creation.”

按照樂觀的估計，預計全球工作時間將減少1.2%，相當于損失3400萬個全職工作。在職員盡快復工，“從而顯著提振總需求和創造就業機會”的前提下，才會出現這種最樂觀的情況。

加劇職場性別不平等

The ILO report also highlighted the disproportionate effect of the pandemic on female workers. It pointed out that 510 million, or 40%, of all employed women globally work in the four most hard-hit sectors by the coronavirus crisis, compared to 36.6% of men.

國際勞工組織的報告還強調說，新冠肺炎疫情對女性的影響更大。該機構指出，全球有5.1億女性(占全體就業女性的40%)在受到新冠疫情沖擊最大的四個行業工作，而在男性中這一比例為36.6%。

The fact that women also dominate the domestic work, health and social care sectors, has meant that they are at greater risk of infection and transmission of the virus and of losing income. Meanwhile, the distribution of unpaid care work of children, for example, has become more unequal during the pandemic, made worse by the closure of schools and care services.

女性在家務、衛生保健和社會護理部門也占主導地位，這意味著她們感染和傳播病毒以及失去收入的風險更大。與此同時，無償照料兒童等任務分配在新冠肺炎疫情期間更加不平等，學校和育兒機構的關閉使情況惡化。

The ILO said this impact on women risked undoing some of the progress on gender equality in recent decades and exacerbating work-related gender inequalities.

國際勞工組織表示，這種對女性的影響可能會破壞近幾十年來在性別平等方面取得的一些進展，并加劇職場性別不平等。

研究：看紅光可以延緩視力衰退

Declining eyesight can be improved by looking at red light, pilot study says

A few minutes of looking into a deep red light could have a dramatic effect on preventing eyesight decline as we age, according to a new study published this week in The Journals of Gerontology.

根據本周發表在《老年學雜志》上的一項新研究，只要凝視深紅色光幾分鐘，就能有效地預防視力衰退。

"You don't need to use it for very long to start getting a strong result," said lead author Glen Jeffery, a professor of neuroscience at University College London's Institute of Ophthalmology.

該研究的首席作者、倫敦大學學院眼科研究所神經科學系教授格倫·杰弗瑞說：“你不用看很長時間紅光，就能有立竿見影的效果。”

The science works, Jeffery said, because the light stimulates the health of mitochondria, which are like batteries in our cells.

杰弗瑞說，其科學原理在于紅光可以增進線粒體的健康，線粒體就像我們身體細胞的電池。

mitochondria[?ma?to'kɑndr?r]: n. 線粒體(mitochondrion的復數)

And because mitochondria are implicated in a broad range of diseases, insights like these could help lead to new treatments for diseases including Parkinson's and diabetes.

因為線粒體衰退牽涉到許多疾病，這樣的發現可能有助于啟發帕金森癥和糖尿病等疾病的新療法。

The study was small, a pilot study to test the concept. Researchers recruited 12 men and 12 women, whose ages ranged from 28 to 72. Each participant was given a small handheld flashlight that emitted a red light with a wavelength of 670 nanometers. That wavelength is toward the long end of the visible spectrum, and just short of an infrared wavelength, which tends to be invisible to the human eye.

這項研究是一個小型的試點項目，旨在測試這一概念。研究人員招募了12名男性和12名女性，他們的年齡在28歲到72歲之間。每位參與者都分到了一個手持的小手電筒，可以發出波長670納米的紅光。這種紅光的波長接近可見光譜波長最長的一端，只有人眼通常看不見的紅外線的波長才比它短。

They spent three minutes each day looking into the light over a period of two weeks.

在兩周時間內，參與者每天花三分鐘凝視紅光。

The lights work on both cones and rods in the eye. Cones are photo receptor cells that detect color and work best in well-lit situations. Rods, which are much more plentiful, are retina cells that specialize in helping us see in dim light, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

這種紅光對眼睛的視錐細胞和視桿細胞都產生了作用。根據美國眼科學會，視錐細胞是可以察覺顏色的感光細胞，在光線明亮的情況下最能發揮作用。數量龐大得多的視桿細胞是視網膜細胞，主要功能是幫我們在光線昏暗時看見東西。

Researchers measured the cone function in subjects' eyes by having them identify colored letters with low contrast. And they measured their eyes' rod sensitivity by asking them to detect light signals in the dark.

研究人員通過讓參與者識別對比度低的有顏色的字母來衡量他們的視錐細胞功能，通過讓參與者在黑暗中識別光信號來衡量他們的視桿細胞功能。

There was a 14% improvement in the ability to see colors, or cone color contrast sensitivity, for the entire two dozen participants.

在24名參與者中，有14%的人辨認顏色的能力或視錐細胞顏色對比敏感度提高了。

Improvement, however, was most significant in study participants over age 40. For those ages, cone color contrast sensitivity rose by 20% over the course of the study.

視力提高最顯著的是40歲以上的參與者。在研究過程中，這一年齡段的人的視錐細胞顏色對比敏感度上升了20%。

That age bracket also saw significant increases in rod threshold, which corresponds to the ability to see in low light. Study participants under 40 also experienced some improvement, but didn't see the same jump as older subjects. Younger eyes haven't declined as much as older eyes.

該年齡段的人的視桿細胞功能也顯著增強了，也就是在弱光環境下看見東西的能力。40歲以下的參與者也經歷了視力改善，但是沒有年長者那么顯著。年輕人的眼睛不像年長者的眼睛衰退得那么嚴重。

"The retina ages faster than any other organ in your body," Jeffery said. "From an evolutionary perspective, we fundamentally have never lived past 40."

杰弗瑞說：“視網膜衰老的速度比人體的其他器官都要快。從進化角度來說，人類器官的使用壽命只有40年。”

Now, of course, we regularly live well beyond that age, and need ways to nurture the organs that for millennia have been the most likely to wear out earliest in life.

現在，一般人的壽命當然都會超過40歲，于是就需要各種方式來保養那些幾千年來最早衰老的器官。

But more studies are needed to prove it helps.

不過還需要更多研究才能證明紅光對視力有幫助。

"We're all going to suffer from aging. So let's try to go gently if we can," Jeffery said.

杰弗瑞說：“我們都將受到衰老的折磨。如果可以的話，讓我們優雅地老去。”