“一分耕耘,一分收獲。”在自己的理想道路上,多動腦筋,不斷的思考,今天小編給大家帶來了翻譯資格考試二級口譯模擬題 ,希望能夠幫助到大家,下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。
翻譯資格考試二級口譯模擬題
Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Both language and culture are learned by children without special organized programs of instruction, but motivation to learn is very high since language is the most effective means for a child to obtain what he or she wants. If the learning of a new language begins before lower adolescence, one is likely to be able to speak such a language with complete naturalness, but if learned after upper adolescence some hangover of a mother-tongue feature is very likely to persist. But not only do languages exhibit such learning patterns, but so do cultural traits, for example, shaking hands, kissing, and embracing.
Although many persons assume that languages exist in dictionaries and grammars, in fact they only exist in people’s heads. But this is equally true of cultural traits, which indicate clearly a person’s value system when crucial decisions need to be made before there is any time to think about alternatives, for example, diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child.
分析:
① Both language and culture are learned by children without special organized programs of instruction, but motivation to learn is very high since language is the most effective means for a child to obtain (what he or she wants).
譯文 1 :語言和文化學習,對兒童來說并不存在特定的程序和計劃,但是由于語言是兒童得償所愿最有效的方式,因而他們學語言的主觀能動性是很高的。
譯文2:兒童學習語言和文化,無需專門編制的教學計劃,但他們的學習積極性很高,因為他們若要獲得想要的東西,語言乃是最有效的手段。
考點: 轉態譯法:被主交換: are learned by children→ 兒童學習
意譯: special organized programs of instruction→ 特定的程序和計劃
具體譯法:成語法: obtain what he or she wants→ 得償所愿
換序譯法: since 從句先譯
② If the learning of a new language begins before lower adolescence, one is likely to be able to speak such a language with complete naturalness, but if learnedafter upper adolescence some hangover of a mother-tongue feature is very likely to persist.
譯文1:如果一個人在少年時期就學一門新的語言,那么(將來)很可能說得很流利。但如果成年還沒有學語言,母語的一些習慣特征就會根深蒂固。
譯文2:如果一個人十來歲開始學習一門新的語言,日后他就有可能輕松自如地說這門語言。但如果到十六、七歲才學,那么他說話時多半會夾雜一些母語的痕跡。
考點: 轉性譯法: 名詞 → 動詞 learning→ 學習
動詞 → 形容詞 persist→ 根深蒂固 naturalness→ 流利
動詞 → 副詞 naturalness→ 輕松自如地
意譯: before lower adolescence→ 少年時期;十來歲
after upper adolescence→ 到成年;十六、七歲
hangover→ 痕跡
adolescence 在英語中表示“青春期”,一般指成年以前從 13 到 15 歲的發育期。在翻譯 before lower adolescence 時,不能簡單處理成“青少年時期的早期”,既累贅,語義又晦澀。可以翻譯成“少年時期”,因為“青少年時期的早期”即“少年時期”,也可根據 adolescence 的年齡范圍處理成“十幾歲”。當然 after upper adolescence 直譯為“在青春期后”,即“十六、七歲”,此階段離“成年”不遠。
正反譯法: if learned after upper adolescence→ 如果成年還沒有學語言
轉態譯法:被主交換 but if learned after upper adolescence→ 如果成年還沒有學語言
具體譯法:成語法: persist→ 根深蒂固
③ But not only do languages exhibit such learning patterns, but so docultural traits, for example, shaking hands, kissing, and embracing.
譯文 1 :不僅語言體現了這種學習方式,文化特性也是如此,諸如握手、接吻和擁抱。
譯文 2 :不僅語言學習呈現這種模式,文化秉性,如握手、接吻和擁抱,也同樣如此。
考點: 倒裝句的翻譯
④ Although many persons assume that languages exist in dictionaries and grammars, in fact they only exist in people’s heads.
譯文:盡管許多人認為語言只存在于字典和語法書中,其實它只存在于人的頭腦里。
考點: 具體譯法:加字法: grammars→ 語法書
前者有“字典”, grammar 如翻譯成“語法”,和“字典”并不是一個對等的實物,因為“語法”是一個抽象的東西,而“語法書”是一個具體的出版物,因此應選擇后者的翻譯。
⑤ But this is equally true of cultural traits, (which indicate clearly a person’s value system) when crucial decisions need to be made before there is any time to think about alternatives, for example, diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child.
譯文 1 :文化特性何嘗不是如此?當人們不得不做出不加思索的關鍵決定,比如說跳進湍急的水流中救一個溺水兒童,那么他的文化特性就清晰地展現了他的價值體系。
譯文 2 :文化秉性亦然。在沒有時間考慮何取何舍而必須作出關鍵性決定時,如跳進湍急的水流中去救一個溺水的孩子,文化秉性會清楚的表現了一個人的價值體系。
考點: This is true of/in… 表示以上情況也適用于 of 后的賓語,翻譯時可用“何嘗不是如此”、“亦然”、“也是這樣”等表達。如:
In Mac, you can enjoy the food in a comforting atmosphere with instant and professional service. This is also true in KFC.
在麥當勞就餐環境舒適,服務專業迅捷。肯德基何嘗不是如此?考生如果怕自己錯過考試報名時間和考試時間的話,可以 免費預約短信提醒,屆時會以短信的方式提醒大家報名和考試時間。
定語從句的翻譯:重復法 →which…
換序譯法: ⑴ But this is equally true of cultural traits, ⑸ which indicate clearly a person’s value system ⑶ when crucial decisions need to be made ⑵ before there is any time to think about alternatives, ⑷ for example, diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child.
翻譯順序如上。這句句子是一句非常復雜的句子,表面上不難理解,但翻譯的順序很有講究。除了第 ⑴ 句,后面有兩句相連環的定語從句 ,which 是一句非限制性定語從句, when 是一句限制性定語從句,由于較長,不可能翻譯成“清晰地展現了當 …… 的價值體系”。因此可以把 when 這句定語從句當成是一句時間狀語從句去處理,單獨斷句。不料在 when 這句中又有 before 真正的時間狀語從句,這時有兩種翻譯方法:一種是把它翻譯成一般的時間狀語從句,或是把它處理成較簡單的表達,作定語去修飾 decisions ,兩種方法都需要前置。翻譯完后再緊跟第 ⑷ 句作為例子,趁熱打鐵。最后再回到上面處理第 ⑸ 句,不過由于當中隔離許多內容,讀者對 which 所指代的 cultural traits 已經沒有印象,需要在翻譯時再次提起。
轉態譯法:被主交換: crucial decisions need to be made→ 人們不得不做出關鍵決定
意譯: before there is any time to think about alternatives→ 不假思索的
flooding stream 極易翻錯,不解釋為“洪水”,因為“洪水”為 flood ,在這里 flooding 為形容詞,修飾 stream ,表示“湍急的水流”
翻譯資格考試二級口譯模擬題
中華民族歷來愛好自由和和平,中國人民始終希望天下太平,希望各國人民友好相處。中國人民在近代飽受戰爭和侵略的痛苦,更深感自由與和平的珍貴。任何一個國家建設和發展,都需要一個和平穩定的國際國內環境。任何一個國家和民族的自由,都是一切個人自由的前提和基礎,我們希望各國人民都生活在沒有戰爭和暴力的世界里,希望各國人民都能享有不被人壓迫,歧視和欺凌的自由。
分析:
① 中華民族歷來愛好自由和和平。
譯文 1 :The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace .
譯文 2 : The Chinese people have been a freedom-and-peace-loving nation since ancient times.
考點: 換序譯法:“歷來”前置翻譯 →It has been traditionally believed
“歷來”后置翻譯 →since ancient times
② 中國人民始終希望天下太平,希望各國人民友好相處。
譯文1: The Chinese people are always looking forward to the global peace and friendship among all nations.
譯文2: They have always hoped for the world to be at peace and the peoples of various countries to co-exist friendly.
考點: 轉性譯法:副詞 → 名詞 友好 →friendship
③ 中國人民在近代飽受戰爭和侵略的痛苦,更深感自由與和平的珍貴。
譯文 1 : Having suffered from the pains of wars and invasion in recent times, the Chinese people have cherished the value/preciousness of freedom and peace than ever.
譯文 2 : Having suffered from wars and foreign aggression in recent times, the Chinese people treasure the freedom and peace all the more.
考點: 換序譯法:“中國人民”后置翻譯。
④ 任何一個國家建設和發展,都需要一個和平穩定的國際國內環境。考生如果怕自己錯過考試報名時間和考試時間的話,可以 免費預約短信提醒
譯文 1 : The construction and development of any country needs/entails a peaceful and stable international and domestic environment.
譯文 2 : Every nation needs a peaceful and stable international and domestic environment for its construction and development.
⑤ 任何一個國家和民族的自由,都是一切個人自由的前提和基礎。
譯文: The freedom of any country or nation is the prerequisite and foundation/basis of that of any individual.
⑥ 我們希望各國人民都生活在沒有戰爭和暴力的世界里,希望各國人民都能享有不被人壓迫,歧視和欺凌的自由。
譯文: We sincerely hope people of all nations live in a world free from wars and violence and enjoy the freedom immune to/without oppression, discrimination and humiliation.
考點: 換序譯法:“沒有戰爭和暴力的”和“不被人壓迫、歧視和欺凌的”后置到所修飾主體名詞后翻譯。
翻譯資格考試二級口譯模擬題
Information and communications are central to modem society and organizations. One approach to understand the working environment is to consider an organization as a communications system. An organization that has open lines of communication with valid, honest information going up, down, and throughout the organization will be much more effective and a much better place to work than the organization that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive. When leadership attempts to keep workers in the dark, workers tend to become distrustful. This undermines their cooperation.
It is easy to understand the value and importance of open, honest communications and valid information. Yet, few organizations are able to function in this manner. In the long run, poor communication will undermine the entire organization. Restricting communication and distorting information are symptoms of short-range thinking. We must avoid these stupid, short-sighted traps and constantly strive for an open communications system with objective information.
分析:
① Information and communications are central to modem society and organizations.
譯法:信息和溝通/交流對于現代社會和企業(組織)來說至關重要。
考點: organization 常解釋為“公司;企業”或“組織”,這篇文章其實屬于 Management 板塊,應解釋為“企業”。
具體譯法:成語法: central→ 至關重要
② One approach to understand the working environment is to consider an organization as a communications system.
譯文1:把企業看作是一個溝通體系,這是了解工作環境的方法之一。
譯文2:了解工作環境的一個方法是把企業看作是一個溝通體系。
③⑴ An organization (that has open lines of communication with valid, honest information going up, down, and throughout the organization) ⑶ will be much more effective and a much better place to work ⑵ than the organization (that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive).
譯文:一個企業如果具備坦誠/公開的溝通模式/渠道和全方位的誠信信息,比起那些試圖封閉信息,曲解甚至欺騙的企業來說,將會有更高的效能,并更適宜于工作。
考點: 定語從句的翻譯:第一句用了省略法,第二句用了前置法。
換序譯法:翻譯順序:⑴⑵⑶。這是一句較長的句子,但是句子結構并不復雜,考生可以發現整句句子是一個比較級,主語和賓語分別是兩種企業,謂語是 will be much more effective and a much better place to work ,不過兩個企業的后面都各有一個長句進行修飾,特別是第一個企業。因此在翻譯時先把主語的情況交待完畢,然后用“比”連起句子的賓語,賓語的定語并不長,可以前置,最后再翻譯謂語。
意譯:這句句子意譯的數量相當多,可以說是中級口譯翻譯到現在為止意譯考點最多的地方了。
open lines of communication→ 公開的溝通渠道(直譯)
→ 坦誠的溝通模式(意譯)
valid, honest information→ 真實可靠的信息(直譯)
→ 誠信信息(意譯)
going up, down, and throughout → 機構內上下(直譯)
→ 全方位(意譯)
more effective→ 更高的效率(直譯)
→ 更高的效能(意譯)
restrict the flow of information→ 限制信息的流通(直譯)
→ 封閉信息(意譯)
轉性譯法:形容詞 → 名詞 effective→ 效能
形容詞 → 動詞 better→ 適宜于
④ When leadership attempts to keep workers in the dark, workers tend to become distrustful.
譯文 1 :如果領導層讓員工信息閉塞(蒙在鼓里),員工就會對領導不信任。
譯文 2 :領導如果什么事情都不對員工講,員工就會不信任領導。
考點: 具體譯法:加字法: leadership→ 領導層
成語法: keep workers in the dark→ 讓員工蒙在鼓里
轉性譯法:形容詞 → 動詞 distrustful→ 不信任
⑤ This undermines their cooperation.
譯文:由此破壞他們之間的合作。
⑥ It is easy to understand the value and importance of open, honest communications and valid information.
譯文 1 :開誠布公的溝通和無誤的信息,它們的價值和重要性是顯而易見的。
譯文 2 :懂得公開真誠的交流和可靠信息的價值和重要性是不難的。
考點: 具體譯法:加字法: importance→ 重要性
成語法: open,honest communications→ 開誠布公的溝通
正反譯法: easy→ 不難的 valid→ 無誤的
⑦ Yet, few organizations are able to function in this manner.
譯文1:然而能夠做到這點的企業并不多見。
譯文2:然而很少有企業能夠這樣做/運作。
考點: 正反譯法: few→ 不多見
⑧ In the long run , poor communication will undermine the entire organization.
譯文:不良溝通從長遠上講就會危害整個企業.
考點: 正反譯法: poor→ 不良的
⑨ Restricting communication and distorting information are symptoms of short-range thinking .
譯文 1 :限制溝通和歪曲信息會使企業成為井底之蛙。考生如果怕自己錯過考試報名時間和考試時間的話,可以 免費預約短信提醒,屆時會以短信的方式提醒大家報名和考試時間
譯文 2 :限制溝通和歪曲信息會使企業鼠目寸光。
譯文 3 :限制溝通和歪曲信息會使企業缺乏遠見。
譯文 4 :限制溝通和歪曲信息是思想狹隘的表現。
考點: 具體譯法:成語法: short-range thinking→ 井底之蛙;鼠目寸光
正反譯法: short-range thinking→ 缺乏遠見
⑩ We must avoid these stupid, short-sightedtraps and constantly strive for an open communications system with objective information.
譯文 1 :我們必須告別這些愚蠢、缺乏遠見的做法,并致力于建立一個公開的溝通系統,確保信息客觀公正。
譯文2:我們必須擺脫這些愚蠢、短淺的思想羈絆,不斷地努力營造一個客觀信息公開交流的系統。
考點: 正反譯法: short-sighted→ 缺乏遠見
意譯: traps→ 羈絆
轉性譯法:介詞 → 動詞 with→ 確保
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