考生在備考雅思閱讀的時候，最關(guān)心的是速度提高。 其中掌握好雅思閱讀信號詞，能夠有效提高速度，同時也能幫助考生查找到考點。今天小編給大家?guī)砹搜潘奸喿x信號詞歸納和解析,希望能夠幫助到大家，一起來學(xué)習(xí)吧。
雅思閱讀信號詞歸納和解析
1、雅思閱讀信號詞中表示順接和遞進
例詞：Also, further, more, moreover, what is more, in addition…
考點：And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom…
解析：And處于開頭部分除了可以表示承接關(guān)系之外，還能體現(xiàn)遞進含義, this wisdom則是表示上半部分出現(xiàn)的their wealth of traditional knowledge(因紐特人傳統(tǒng)的知識)，因此這兩句話相互呼應(yīng)，同學(xué)們在審題的時候要通過發(fā)現(xiàn)信號詞，然后發(fā)散地看它的前后句，最后把考點考察的意思補充完整。
2、雅思閱讀信號詞中表示排列次序
例詞：Another, the second, the most, the best…
考點：Most important of all, the traditional measures of ‘risk’, such as parents’ age and education, or whether they were a single parent, bore little or no relationship to the measures of achievement and language development.
解析：most important of all表示的含義是最重要的事情，也就是我們通常說的文章中論點和總結(jié)開始出現(xiàn)的信號。Single parents是本段的側(cè)重點，同樣在這一句里出現(xiàn)了，我們可以利用對雅思閱讀信號詞的敏感度，快速抓住文章的考點，進行局部精讀。
3、雅思閱讀信號詞中表示強調(diào)作用
例詞：In fact, in essence, in particular, emphasize…
考點：This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology- to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates…
解析：上述題目是典型的信息題，考生在訓(xùn)練這種類似的題目時，要特別注意信號詞與考點的密切相關(guān)性，從而迅速找準(zhǔn)答案。這里出現(xiàn)了in essence(實質(zhì)上),起了一定的強調(diào)作用，迅速掃讀后，發(fā)現(xiàn)同時出現(xiàn)了題目關(guān)鍵詞sociobiology,破折號后面的介詞to是表目的與題目中的the general aim of一致對應(yīng)。
4、雅思閱讀信號詞中表示時間先后
例詞：Firstly, second, next, then, now, later, since, eventually, finally…
考點：Three factors are involved in this change. First is an awareness of the severity of the problem. Second, a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain…Third, there is evidence that these materials work, and that schools can achieve something.
解析：上述文章脈絡(luò)清晰，通過表示順序的信號詞First、second、third，讓考生很清晰的知道在講，侍強凌弱這種現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)開始改變，主要是從三個方面入手：意識、資源、監(jiān)督。這種發(fā)展讓學(xué)校有了更多的方法和有效途徑解決存在的問題。這里的First、second、third提示我們?nèi)齻€方面，同時也是一個發(fā)展的過程。
5、雅思閱讀信號詞中表示相似
例詞：Similarly, in other words, that is, put another way…
考點：In other words, we became aware of the obvious fact that there were ‘limits to growth’.
解析：In other words表示的意思我們可以通常理解為換句話說，這種形式會以更加簡單易懂，清晰的話語陳述出難點，通常難點就是雅思閱讀考點出沒的地方。
6、雅思閱讀信號詞中表示對比和轉(zhuǎn)折
例詞：However, but, although, nevertheless, on the other hand, by comparison…
考點：However, we believe that credit must be extended in association with other types of support that help participants develop critical life skills as well as productive businesses.
上述考點中的However，表示然而的意思。 一般是對比上文，提出不同的觀點，與上文的含義是相反。也是經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)的考點信號詞。
雅思閱讀材料：誰來解救烏克蘭
The Ukrainian crisis is quickly becoming a geostrategic conflict. The Crimean parliament's declaration of independence from Ukraine ahead of the March 16 referendum indicates Crimea may possibly join Russia. As Russian President Vladimir Putin maneuvers to restore Russia's right to behave with a superpower's impunity-particularly in its own backyard-the West pushes back.
But economic forces also have shaped this confrontation, especially Ukraine's record as the world's worst performing industrial economy over the last 20 years.
It was popular discontent with this disastrous performance that fomented the recent dissent. This, in turn, triggered a bloody response from ousted Crimean President Viktor Yanukovych. His response consolidated the opposition-and ultimately cost Yanukovych his job.
Beyond this week's political and military maneuvers, the outstanding question is: Who will bail out the Ukrainian economy? Russia, or the EU and the United States? A bailout will be the price of drawing Ukraine into one of the two trading systems on offer.
Stated simply, Ukraine is the economic equivalent of a failed state. After gaining independence in 1991, the country moved briefly to liberalize its economy along the same lines as most of Eastern and Central Europe.
However, Ukraine soon jettisoned its reforms in favor of the state-oligarch model, which was also evolving in Russia. Some 20 years later, Ukraine's GDP has shrunk 30 percent.
Even Russia's sorry economy is 20 percent larger than it was in 1991. And Poland's economy, which looked much like Ukraine's in 1991, has grown 130 percent over the same period.
Ukraine's economic performance has been so terrible and for so long that its sovereign debt issues are now considered the equivalent of junk bonds. Even before the crisis, Ukraine's credit rating was worse than Greece's. And it was no better than that of Argentina, a global financial pariah for its mismanaged debt defaults and summary expropriations of foreign-owned companies.
Ukraine's debts will soon be due, with some $15 billion in sovereign bonds maturing this year and another $15 billion in 2015. With a current account deficit equal to 8 percent of its GDP, Ukraine cannot pay off and refinance those debts without large-scale aid-$20 billion to $25 billion-and affiliating itself with a larger trading system.
An economic and trade alliance with Russia would deliver the bailout, but with little prospects of improving the underlying economy.
The European Union and the United States (through the International Monetary Fund) also are prepared to provide the bailout if the Ukrainian government accepts far-reaching economic reforms. The EU-US/IMF reforms should lead to better economic times down the road.
But they also would mean more short-term hardships for ordinary Ukrainians. That's why Yanukovych sided with Putin.
With a new, pro-Western government in charge in Kiev, Ukraine's fate may well lie in the hands of Europe and the United States. Their choice is simple to state, if difficult to execute: Do they put sufficient economic and diplomatic pressure on Putin, to convince him to pocket his own bailout-and let the West pick up the pieces?
The author is co-founder and chairman of Sonecon, LLC, a private company that advises US and foreign businesses, governments and non-profit organizations.
烏克蘭危機正迅速成為一個地緣戰(zhàn)略沖突?？死锩讈喢撾x烏克蘭的獨立宣言是要表明克里米亞真有可能入俄。俄羅斯總統(tǒng)弗拉基米爾·普京竭力恢復(fù)俄羅斯超級大國免責(zé)權(quán)——尤其在自家后院——西方國家則迎頭反擊。
烏克蘭的經(jīng)濟狀況也引發(fā)了這一沖突，烏克蘭過去20年淪為世界上最落后的工業(yè)化國家。
正是民眾對經(jīng)濟糟糕狀況的不滿激起了最近這場抗議活動。反過來，這又引發(fā)時任總統(tǒng)維克多·亞努科維奇的殘酷鎮(zhèn)壓，反對派于是眾志成城最終把亞努科維奇趕下了臺。
除了經(jīng)濟軍事較量，最突出的問題是：誰將解救烏克蘭經(jīng)濟?俄羅斯、歐盟還是美國?解救烏克蘭的代價便是把烏克蘭帶入其中一個現(xiàn)有的貿(mào)易體系。
簡單地說，烏克蘭經(jīng)濟上等同于失敗的國家。1991年獨立后，該國迅速實行經(jīng)濟自由化，但很快放棄了改革，轉(zhuǎn)投國家寡頭政治模式，而當(dāng)時這也在俄羅斯盛行。大約20年后，烏克蘭GDP縮水30%。
即便糟糕的俄羅斯經(jīng)濟也比1991年增長了20%。與此同時，1991年酷似烏克蘭狀況的波蘭經(jīng)濟同期增長130%。
如今，烏克蘭國債已被視為垃圾債券。即使在危機之前，烏克蘭信貸評級比希臘還要低，比阿根廷也好不到哪里去。阿根廷由于管理不當(dāng)，拖欠債務(wù)并沒收外資企業(yè)，淪為全球金融棄兒。
烏克蘭150多億美元國債將在今年到期，還有150億美元2015年到期。目前烏克蘭經(jīng)常賬戶赤字相當(dāng)于GDP的8%。如果沒有巨額援助-200億美元到250億美元-或不加入到一個更大的貿(mào)易體系中，烏克蘭不可能籌資償還債務(wù)。
成為俄羅斯的經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易盟友會保證得到救助，但經(jīng)濟根本改善的希望渺茫。
如果烏克蘭政府愿意接受廣泛深度的經(jīng)濟改革，歐盟和美國(通過國際貨幣基金組織)也愿意提供救助金。這應(yīng)該會帶來更好的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。
但與西方聯(lián)合也意味著普通烏克蘭人會陷入更多的短期困境。這也是為什么亞努科維奇站在普京一邊。
隨著基輔親西方政府執(zhí)政，烏克蘭的命運很有可能掌握在歐洲和美國的手中。他們的選擇簡單但難以實施：用足夠的經(jīng)濟外交壓力迫使普京收回自己的救助資金，而讓西方國家來收拾殘局?
雅思閱讀材料：受傷松鼠寄居非洲女孩頭發(fā)2個月
A teenage girl from Zimbabwe is rearing an abandoned baby squirrel - in her hair. Abby Putterill, 16, says Hammy, a mopane squirrel, climbed into her tied-up hair one day and decided to stay.
津巴布韋16歲女孩艾比·普達(dá)魯爾飼養(yǎng)了一只被遺棄的小松鼠，這個小家伙就在艾比的頭發(fā)里安了家，艾比給它起名哈米。艾比說，哈米和她一見如故，一下就鉆進了她綁起的頭發(fā)里賴著不走了。
The schoolgirl and her furry companion have been together for two months - and he is thriving. Hammy was just days old when he was found on the cold office floor of the Bally Vaughan Wildlife Sanctuary.
艾比和她毛茸茸的小伙伴已經(jīng)朝夕相處兩個月了——小家伙開始長大了。哈米被發(fā)現(xiàn)的時候躺在巴利野生動物保護站冷冰冰的地板上，那時它才剛出生幾天。
Abby's mother Debbie Putterill, who co-owns the park with husband Gordon, took the baby back to her home.
艾比的母親黛比和父親高登共同經(jīng)營這家保護站，他們首先發(fā)現(xiàn)了哈米并把它帶回了家。
To the amazement of the family, Hammy made for her daughter, climbed on to her head and snuggled in to her hair. Abby wears her hair in a loose ponytail which she usually has tied up at the back, making a wonderful home-from-home for Hammy.
讓這家人很意外的是，哈米徑直跳到艾比身上，爬進了艾比的頭發(fā)里。艾比當(dāng)時像平常一樣，后腦勺松松的綁了個馬尾，正好適合哈米安家。
Barring sleeping and showering, the squirrel and the schoolgirl are practically inseparable. Mrs Putterill said: 'He's doing really well and is growing up so quickly.
除了睡覺和洗澡，哈米和艾比幾乎形影不離。艾比的母親說：“小家伙生活的非常好，長得也快?！?/p>
'When we first found him he was lying on the concrete floor of the office. He must have fallen out of the thatched roof after being abandoned.'
“第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)哈米的時候，它在硬邦邦的地板上躺著，一定是被遺棄后從茅草屋頂上掉了下來?！?/p>
'If we hadn't taken him in he would have died because he was only around ten days old.'
“如果不是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了它，它可能已經(jīng)死了，畢竟它才出生10天左右?！?/p>
The youngster was nursed back to health on a diet of baby formula and cereal, regaining his strength and quickly becoming a member of the family.
哈米靠著嬰兒配方奶粉和麥片恢復(fù)了健康，成為了艾比家庭中的一員。
Mrs Putterill added: 'When he was tiny he refused to sleep anywhere else but on the palm of your hand but as he got older he started treating us like trees, burrowing under our clothes.
艾比的母親補充道：“一開始，小哈米愿意睡覺的地方只有手掌，長大一點后，它就把我們當(dāng)成樹了，成天往衣服里鉆?！?/p>
'We've never had a squirrel do this before and it's really quite funny to see but he's happy enough to lie there and watch the world go by.'
“我們從來沒遇到過這樣的松鼠，不過也確實很有趣。躺在艾比的頭發(fā)里，它很開心，也能看到周圍的世界?！?/p>
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