雅思閱讀5大核心題型

對雅思閱讀的題型爛熟于心，是備考雅思閱讀的基本要求。今天小編給大家帶來了雅思閱讀5大核心題型，希望能幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

雅思閱讀5大核心題型就這樣被你征服

1.信息段落配對題

雅思閱讀中的段落信息配對題一直是同學們取得高分的攔路虎。我們先來分析一下這種題型的特點和難點。配對題考察的重點只有一個，那就是同義替換。配對題看似簡單，因為只要找到信息在那一段落就可以了，不需要像判斷題那樣的深度

理解和邏輯判斷。但是，尤其對于閱讀功底不強的同學，這種題目非常棘手。同學們會發現有的題目和原文對應的出題句樣子長的一點都不一樣，沒有任何一個詞是原詞出現，但他們確實表達的一個意思。例如，劍橋雅思4第三套題第三篇文章中的配對題28題，題目是the importance of taking notes of body language,文中對應的句子卻是the recording has to be supplemented by the observer’swritten comments of the non-verbal behavior of the participants. 這兩個句子沒有一個詞是一樣的，但細心的同學能發現很明顯的三組同義替換那就是重要性、肢體語言、做筆記。因為配對題改寫嚴重的特點，配對題的定位詞很難確定，許多在判斷題中不會改寫的名詞在配對題中也被改的面目全非。再加上配對題的出題順序沒有任何規律可言，還經常出現NB----一個段落里包含兩個題目信息，所以這種題型蒙對的概率非常低。原則上來講，配對題每做一道題都需要全文通讀，因為每一題都可能在文中的任何位置。

配對題的難度是顯而易見的，但是再難的題，我們也能把握其出題規律，找到最高效、快捷的做出盡可能多答案的方法。這種題在考場上我們肯定是沒有時間去讀很多遍文章的，我們必須做到文章讀一遍，所有的題目就處理完了。絕大多數的配對題都是細節題，因此我們都要從題目入手，找到關鍵詞。又由于名詞也可能被替換成其他詞，所以我們要采用多點撒網，重點抓魚的策略，把題目中所有的信息詞(包括名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞)都劃下來，同時記住題目的整體意思。做題過程中，閱讀功底不強的同學，可以采取只用掃讀的方法，沒掃一段或者幾句話就回到題目中看看有沒有出現所劃的信息詞。有出現信息詞，適當對這句話做點精讀，一般答案就可以確定了。閱讀功底強的同學，可以采取用略讀加掃讀的方法，在讀懂段落句子大意的同時注意是否有原詞出現，發現意思相近或原詞出現，適當做精讀確定答案。但不管閱讀功底強和不強的同學，大家都要記住一個原則：做題的時候要心靜，要特別細致，做到能夠確定自己沒讀的一句話確實有或者沒有題目信息。這樣讀完一遍文章后，我們就把自己能做的題都做出來了，做不出來的題我們再回頭讀很多遍也還是做不出來的，因為只要過程做的仔細，做不出來的題目就是我們不認識的替換，看再多遍也是不能幫助我們確定答案的。

2、標題對應題

List of Heading也就是我們大家熟悉的標題題了。這種題型是唯一一種出現在文章前面的題型。而且，這種題是一種考察文章大意的題型而不是細節題。標題題由兩部分組成，一部分是選項，另外一部分是一個段落編號，我們要做的也就是給每個段落找一個小標題。所對應的段落也分為兩種情況，一種是所考察的section包含若干個小分段;另一種則只包含一個小段。

標題題是一種高頻題型，平均每兩次考試會出現一次，有時甚至連續出現。然而，此種題型比較難，是亂序題，而且要求考生總結段落大意，對學生來說要求較高。

List of Heading解題步驟

劃去選項中的例子，以及原文中例子所對應段落的序號這種題型有的時候會給例子，有的時候沒有例子在剩余的選項中劃取關鍵詞關鍵詞應盡量劃取名詞以及形容詞注意是否有相似或相反的標題，若有則至少有一個會是正確答案掃讀并總結文章所考查的每個section的中心思想重點看所考查小段的第一句，第二句和最后一句，劃出主題句的關鍵詞段落中間部分快速瀏覽即可對應兩組關鍵詞，以確定答案

注意事項亂序性，即正確答案在原文中無順序可言有簡單有難，有的答案一目了然，有的答案卻反復推敲都難以確認著重注意轉折，并列等連接詞適當運用排除法，越到最后就越要應用該法答案不會出現重復使用現象，每個選項只會使用一次做出一道題就劃去一道題正確答案具有概括性與總結性干擾項一般是一些小細節，新概念段落高頻詞理論一段話中反復出現的名詞或形容詞當一個文章段落在10行以內時，出現2次及為高頻詞，當一個文章段落在11行以上時，出現3次即為高頻詞。

3.選擇題

I 雅思閱讀選擇題的題型特點：

a.考察內容細節

除了通常位于文章末尾的multiple choice 題型考察考生對全文大意的理解之外，其余的都是要建立在對文章細節的理解之上的。

b.多項選擇題答案集中

多項選擇題的答案大都是出現在1-2個小段之內(最多不超過4段)。所以考生只要定位到了相關的段落并進行略讀，根據題干要求找到答案。

c.選擇項以同義轉換為表現形式

選擇題的選項部分，通常是將文章的語言進行近義詞或同義句形式進行轉換。

II 雅思閱讀選擇題的做題原則：

A.閱讀題干，劃出定位詞

由于選擇題考察細節的特點，故題干中的詞往往能夠提供定位，方便考生在文章中把所對應的句子或段落找出來。

例：In the first paragraph the writer makes the point that blind people (劍4,Test 1, Q27)

這道題目中，明顯有兩處定位：一處是first paragraph，另一處是blind people，故只需要在第一段找到blind people，就能找出題目所對應的句子了。

但并不是所有的多項選擇題都會明確地告知范圍。

例：Which THREE of the following statements are true of Johnson’s Dictionary? (劍5 Test 1 Q1-3)因為文章的題目就叫Johnson’s Dictionary，故這道題目根本沒有定位詞。那么這種題目很難下手，建議放到最后來做。把其它的題目都做完之后，再根據其選項大致推測出所在文章的范圍。

B.閱讀選項，劃出核心詞

因為選項提供了對原文正確或者是錯誤的同義轉換，所以在尋找正確答案之前，一定要事先通讀選項。

C.定位相關句子段落

由于選擇項的干擾性往往很強，所以對找到的相關句子或段落一定要進行仔細閱讀，排除錯誤選項。甄別干擾項這一步驟是考生解題的關鍵，很多考生在往往對幾個選項猶豫不決，經常跳進題目的陷阱。一般說來，干擾項有如下幾個類別：

①相似陷阱

如果題目中出現的個別單詞與原文中的用詞一模一樣，尤其是一些經常被同義

替換掉的動詞、形容詞等，這個選項很有可能是干擾選項，考生應仔細對比分析其

它選項，避免因匆忙下結論，得出錯誤答案。

②偷換概念陷阱

有時在是中，選項中雖然與文中有對應或相似的詞或表達，但選項中偷換了關鍵性的成分(如謂語部分)，使得答案表達錯誤。

③搭配不當陷阱

這種選項的特點是：選項本身是正確的，但是跟題干卻不能形成搭配關系。

4、判斷題

雅思閱讀有所謂的“小三理論”，就是大家在做雅思閱讀的時候，需要注意的三種素質：首先是三看，做題之前，標題、插圖和每段的第一句話必須得看，把文章的主要思想和每段的大致重點把握個十有八九，這樣做題的時候才有分寸;其次是三力，三種能力分別是4000-6000左右的詞匯量和高中的語法能力;一般以上的常識判斷能力;以及具備一定的邏輯推理能力;最后是三度，分別指的是劃關鍵詞的準確度、回原文定位的速度和對同義詞替換的敏感度。烤鴨們可以參照各自的做題經驗，找到屬于自己的短板和瓶頸，再有針對性的做一些專項訓練。

現在主要說說所謂邏輯推理能力。這一概念乍一聽有些玄，其實實質內容很好理解，就是涉及到閱讀文章的題目和原文的復合句中的連詞和介詞短語影射出來的兩句話或兩個短語之間的邏輯關系，即兩者是方向一致(均為positive或均為negative),抑或方向相反。具體的表現方式為：

并列、遞進(and/or; also/besides/in addition/furthermore)連接兩句話，邏輯方向一致;轉折、讓步(but/however/whereas/yet; although/even if/though/while/despite/in spite of)連接兩句話，邏輯方向相反;因果(because/for/as/since/due to/owing to/originate from/result from; so/therefore/as a result/as a consequence/result in/lead to/cause/contribute to)邏輯方向一致。

實例講解：Eg:1.劍4 P45 Q10 Lost for Words判斷題干S:The Navajo language will die out because it currently has too few speakers.(下劃線為關鍵詞)原文P: Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150000 speakers.

解析：原文的表示讓步的介詞despite 為解題關鍵，前半部分說Navajo這種語言面臨滅絕危險，邏輯方向為負向，即為negative;despite將方向逆轉，則說明后半部分“having 150000 speakers”中的150000說此種語言的人數是很多的，同題干中的too few矛盾，固答案為FALSE.此題如果沒有despite的轉折作用，150000的數量因為沒有相對的比照和參考，我們是無法判斷到底是多還是少的。

5.歸納填空題

歸納填空題是雅思考試閱讀理解部分的一線題型，幾乎每回考試必有。在閱讀理解的諸多題型中，此類題型可以應用的方法技巧較多，若能掌握好這些技巧方法，并將其組合起來，視情況靈活運用的話，歸納填空應該被視作為考生得分的一塊寶地。朗閣雅思培訓專家在此總結了此類題型解題的一些方法，供考生們參考。

歸納填空題的答題要求分為兩類：1. 用原文中的原詞填空，有字數的限制，例如不超過二或三個詞;2. 從所提供的單詞表中選詞填空。下文在介紹解題方法時，對這兩類答題要求分別簡稱為1或2。

a 短文全文大意的幫助

首先把短文的全文迅速通讀一遍，掌握大意。不要在沒有掌握全文大意的情況下立即做題，看一句填一句。雖然短文的詞數不多，但作為一篇文章，總有一定的主體思想，句與句之間意思上是相連的，整篇短文就是一個有機的整體。通讀全文，有利于掌握文章的邏輯思維，順著思路選詞來填，就比較容易做對了。許多考生往往不先通讀短文全文，上來就匆忙去找詞填空。看似快，實際上選詞時看來看去，思前想后，猶豫不決，不知選哪個才對，反而大大減慢了速度。

b 利用信號詞來定位和定詞

歸納填空題的形式為一篇短文，文中有若干個空，要求考生在其中填詞。空格前后往往會有信號詞，我們可以借助之在原文中定位，再在所定位部位的附近范圍內找出該采用的原文原詞(對于1)或斷定該填的單詞表中的同義詞(對于2)。不少情況下，在空格前和后的信號詞，相對應地也是出現在原文中正確的詞的前和后的，前后信號詞的“夾擊”下，更方便我們選對詞了。所以信號詞技巧也仍然是這種題的重要技巧。

c 空格前后的上下文的幫助

空格肯定是處于句子中的，亦即所謂空格無非是一個句子抽掉了其中的某個詞(語)所形成的。因此，在整篇短文大意的大背景下，再考慮空格前后的上下文意思，然后將在1或2中備選的數個詞(語)進行比對，就不難確定該填入哪個了。空格前后上下文的意義與全篇短文主體思想的結合分析，在決定選詞上尤為重要，注意運用這點，能使我們做題快許多。

d 語法知識的幫助

一些基本的語法知識對于我們確定詞性范圍甚或選定具體的詞都有直截了當的決定作用，又簡單又快。空格前后的詞往往都提示了空格中的詞是何種詞性，是否比較級，謂語或非謂語，單數還是復數，及物動詞或不及物動詞，等等。例如，空格之前是a的話，表明空格該填的是個可數名詞的單數形式，而且該名詞的發音是以輔音音標開頭的(否則，空格前的a就該是an了)。

雅思考試閱讀模擬練習及答案

new weapon to fight cancer

1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer, which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.

2. If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.

3. Leonard Seymour, a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University, who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US, will lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour’s pioneering techniques.

4. One of the country’s leading geneticists, Prof Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly, while avoiding harm to healthy tissue. "In principle, you’ve got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy," he said.

5. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the body’s local immune system. "If a cancer doesn’t do that, the immune system wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there’s no immune system to stop them replicating. You can regard it as the cancer’s Achilles’ heel."

6. Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. "They replicate, you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process," said Prof Seymour.

7. Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drugs. "It’s an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours, which could be quite different to anything we’ve had before."

8. Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.

9. Prof Seymour’s innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body’s immune system, effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do - spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream without the body’s immune system destroying them on the way.

10. "What we’ve done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - it’s a stealth virus when you inject it," he said.

11. After the stealth virus infects the tumour, it replicates, but the copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body’s immune system.

12. The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers, called metastases, which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumour appears. "There’s an awful statistic of patients in the west ... with malignant cancers; 75% of them go on to die from metastases," said Prof Seymour.

13. Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials: adenovirus, which normally causes a cold-like illness, and vaccinia, which causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against smallpox. For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.

14. The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of trials will be needed, eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses, before the therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.

(665 words)

Questions 1-6

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 1-6 write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage

1.Virus therapy, if successful, has an advantage in eliminating side-effects.

2.Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about Professor Seymour’s work on the virus therapy.

3.Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.

4.Cancer’s Achilles’ heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely in a tumor and replicate.

5.To infect the cancer cells, a good deal of viruses should be injected into the tumor.

6.Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used as a new way to treat drug-resistant tumors.

Question 7-9

Based on the reading passage, choose the appropriate letter from A-D for each answer.

7.Information about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be found

(A) on TV

(B) in magazines

(C) on internet

(D) in newspapers

8.To treat tumors spreading out in body, researchers try to

(A) change the body’ immune system

(B) inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.

(C) increase the amount of injection

(D) disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.

9.When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates, the copies

(A) will soon escape from the tumor and spread out.

(B) will be wiped out by the body’s immune system.

(C) will be immediately recognized by the researchers.

(D) will eventually stop the tumor from spreading out.

Questions 10-13

Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words. You can only use each word once.

NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them all.

In the first clinical trials, scientists will try to ……10…… adenovirus and vaccinia, so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the ……11…….These uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on human beings and the right ……12…… needed. The experiments will firstly be ……13……to the treatment of certain cancers

List of Words

dosage responding smallpox virus

disable natural ones inject

directed treatment cold-like illness

kill patients examined

Answers Keys:

1.答案：FALSE (見第2段：If successful, virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer, while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects. Virus therapy 只能避免一些副作用，而不是根除。)

2.答案：TRUE (見第3段，特別是最后一句： Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof Seymour’s pioneering techniques. )

3. 答案：NOT GIVEN (文中沒有提到virus可以抑制腫瘤細胞再生長)

4. 答案：TRUE (見第5段第3、4句： 這里“cancer’s Achilles’ heel”指 “If you can get a virus into a tumour, viruses find them a very good place to be because there’s no immune system to stop them replicating.” Achilles’ heel的意思是“唯一致命弱點”)

5. 答案：FALSE (見第6段第第1句：Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer.)

6. 答案：TRUE (見第7段：Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drug. ……, which could be quite different to anything we’ve had before." )

7. 答案：B (見第8段第1、2句：Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals. Journal意思是“日報、期刊、雜志”)

8. 答案：D (見第9段第1句：Prof Seymour’s innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body’s immune system, …… “mask”的意思是“掩蓋、隱蔽、偽裝”， 在這里和 “disguise”同義。)

9. 答案：B (見第11段第2句： If they escape from the tumour, the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body’s immune system.. “mop up”這里與 “wipe out” 同義，意思是“消滅、殲滅”。)

10.答案：disable (見第13段最后1句：For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )

11. 答案：natural ones (見第13段最后1句：For safety reasons, both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial, but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses. )

12. 答案：dosage (見第14段第1句：The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours, in order to establish whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed.)

13. 答案：directed (見第14段最后1句：Though the approach will be examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments, …)

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