61. Of course, it would be as dangerous to overreact to history by concluding that the majority must now be wrong about expansion as it would be to re-enact the response that greeted the suggestion that the continents had drifted.
61、當(dāng)然，對(duì)歷史反應(yīng)過度以致結(jié)論說(shuō)關(guān)于擴(kuò)張的問題大多數(shù)人都錯(cuò)了與重新形成對(duì)大陸漂浮建議理論的反應(yīng)一樣，是危險(xiǎn)的。將來(lái)對(duì)于這些關(guān)鍵問題的研究毫無(wú)疑問是必要的，然而不應(yīng)該否定最近研究結(jié)論的說(shuō)服力，在18世紀(jì)的英格蘭對(duì)于一些微不足道和有使用價(jià)值的商品和服務(wù)的需求，預(yù)示了我們今天的世界。
62. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: who were the consumers? What were their motives? And what were the effect of the new demand for luxuries?
62、然而這種消費(fèi)革命的情況還有疑問，三個(gè)關(guān)鍵的問題是：消費(fèi)者是什么人？他們的動(dòng)機(jī)是什么？對(duì)于奢侈品的新型需求的效果是什么？
63. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what.
63、盡管從生產(chǎn)廠商和服務(wù)行業(yè)認(rèn)為他們的顧客需要并實(shí)際生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品或者提供的服務(wù)來(lái)推斷他是可能的。但只有對(duì)實(shí)際的消費(fèi)者填寫的個(gè)人資料的研究才能清楚地描述顧客的需求。
64. With respect to their reasons for immigrating, Grassy does not deny their frequently noted fact that some of the immigrants of the 1630’s, most notably the organizers and clergy, advanced religious explanations for departure, but he finds that such explanations usually assumed primacy only in retrospect.
64、對(duì)于他們移民原因的細(xì)節(jié)，Grassy并不否認(rèn)他們經(jīng)常提出的事實(shí)－17世紀(jì)30年代的一些移民主要由組織家和牧師組成，提出了要離開的宗教解釋，但他發(fā)現(xiàn)只是以回顧的方式推定的基本情況。
65. If we take the age-and sex-specific unemployment rates that existed in 1956 (when the overall unemployment rate was 4.1 percent) and weight them by the age- and sex-specific shares of the labor force that prevail currently, the overall unemployment rate becomes 5 percent.
65、如果我們將1956年（當(dāng)時(shí)的平均失業(yè)率為4、1％）的年齡和性別失業(yè)率分來(lái)用今天一般的勞動(dòng)力中年齡性別比來(lái)計(jì)算的話，平均失業(yè)率就是5％了。
66. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “ step up” toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.
66、他很迷惑我并不想要明顯的是所有美國(guó)人被教導(dǎo)長(zhǎng)大后要追求的東西：金錢和權(quán)力。
67. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large, however, the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economy’s larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided.
67、除非生產(chǎn)力的增長(zhǎng)出人意料的大，不然實(shí)際產(chǎn)出的擴(kuò)大最終要開始減緩以適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，這樣才能避免價(jià)格的綜合需求壓力。
68. However, when investment flows primarily in one direction, as it generally does from industrial to developing countries, the seemingly reciprocal source-based restrictions produce revenue sacrifices primarily by the state receivinng most of the foreign investment and producing most of the income—namely ,the developing country partner.
68、然而，當(dāng)投資基本上流向一個(gè)方面時(shí)，就像一般從工業(yè)化到一般發(fā)展中國(guó)家一樣，看起來(lái)是基于雙方資源的規(guī)定產(chǎn)生的收入損失主要由接收大量外國(guó)投資和創(chuàng)造大部分收益的國(guó)家來(lái)承擔(dān)－即發(fā)展中國(guó)家一方。
69. The pursuit of private interests with as little interference as possible from government was seen as the road to human happiness and progress rather than the public obligation and involvement in the collective community that emphasized by the Greeks.
69、盡可能沒有政府干預(yù)地追求個(gè)人利益被看作為通往人類幸福的道路和進(jìn)步，而不是像希臘人強(qiáng)調(diào)的集體社會(huì)中的公共義務(wù)與參與。
70. The defense lawyer relied on long-standing principles governing the conduct of prosecuting attorneys: as quasi-judicial officers of the court they are under a duty not to prejudice a party’s case through overzealous prosecution or to detract from the impartiality of courtroom atmosphere.
70、辯護(hù)律師依靠長(zhǎng)期作用的準(zhǔn)則來(lái)約束原告律師的行來(lái)：作為法庭的準(zhǔn)司法人員，他們有責(zé)任不能過分起訴來(lái)偏見性對(duì)待一方的案子或者破壞法庭的公正氣氛。
61、當(dāng)然，對(duì)歷史反應(yīng)過度以致結(jié)論說(shuō)關(guān)于擴(kuò)張的問題大多數(shù)人都錯(cuò)了與重新形成對(duì)大陸漂浮建議理論的反應(yīng)一樣，是危險(xiǎn)的。將來(lái)對(duì)于這些關(guān)鍵問題的研究毫無(wú)疑問是必要的，然而不應(yīng)該否定最近研究結(jié)論的說(shuō)服力，在18世紀(jì)的英格蘭對(duì)于一些微不足道和有使用價(jià)值的商品和服務(wù)的需求，預(yù)示了我們今天的世界。
62. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: who were the consumers? What were their motives? And what were the effect of the new demand for luxuries?
62、然而這種消費(fèi)革命的情況還有疑問，三個(gè)關(guān)鍵的問題是：消費(fèi)者是什么人？他們的動(dòng)機(jī)是什么？對(duì)于奢侈品的新型需求的效果是什么？
63. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what.
63、盡管從生產(chǎn)廠商和服務(wù)行業(yè)認(rèn)為他們的顧客需要并實(shí)際生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品或者提供的服務(wù)來(lái)推斷他是可能的。但只有對(duì)實(shí)際的消費(fèi)者填寫的個(gè)人資料的研究才能清楚地描述顧客的需求。
64. With respect to their reasons for immigrating, Grassy does not deny their frequently noted fact that some of the immigrants of the 1630’s, most notably the organizers and clergy, advanced religious explanations for departure, but he finds that such explanations usually assumed primacy only in retrospect.
64、對(duì)于他們移民原因的細(xì)節(jié)，Grassy并不否認(rèn)他們經(jīng)常提出的事實(shí)－17世紀(jì)30年代的一些移民主要由組織家和牧師組成，提出了要離開的宗教解釋，但他發(fā)現(xiàn)只是以回顧的方式推定的基本情況。
65. If we take the age-and sex-specific unemployment rates that existed in 1956 (when the overall unemployment rate was 4.1 percent) and weight them by the age- and sex-specific shares of the labor force that prevail currently, the overall unemployment rate becomes 5 percent.
65、如果我們將1956年（當(dāng)時(shí)的平均失業(yè)率為4、1％）的年齡和性別失業(yè)率分來(lái)用今天一般的勞動(dòng)力中年齡性別比來(lái)計(jì)算的話，平均失業(yè)率就是5％了。
66. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “ step up” toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.
66、他很迷惑我并不想要明顯的是所有美國(guó)人被教導(dǎo)長(zhǎng)大后要追求的東西：金錢和權(quán)力。
67. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large, however, the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economy’s larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided.
67、除非生產(chǎn)力的增長(zhǎng)出人意料的大，不然實(shí)際產(chǎn)出的擴(kuò)大最終要開始減緩以適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，這樣才能避免價(jià)格的綜合需求壓力。
68. However, when investment flows primarily in one direction, as it generally does from industrial to developing countries, the seemingly reciprocal source-based restrictions produce revenue sacrifices primarily by the state receivinng most of the foreign investment and producing most of the income—namely ,the developing country partner.
68、然而，當(dāng)投資基本上流向一個(gè)方面時(shí)，就像一般從工業(yè)化到一般發(fā)展中國(guó)家一樣，看起來(lái)是基于雙方資源的規(guī)定產(chǎn)生的收入損失主要由接收大量外國(guó)投資和創(chuàng)造大部分收益的國(guó)家來(lái)承擔(dān)－即發(fā)展中國(guó)家一方。
69. The pursuit of private interests with as little interference as possible from government was seen as the road to human happiness and progress rather than the public obligation and involvement in the collective community that emphasized by the Greeks.
69、盡可能沒有政府干預(yù)地追求個(gè)人利益被看作為通往人類幸福的道路和進(jìn)步，而不是像希臘人強(qiáng)調(diào)的集體社會(huì)中的公共義務(wù)與參與。
70. The defense lawyer relied on long-standing principles governing the conduct of prosecuting attorneys: as quasi-judicial officers of the court they are under a duty not to prejudice a party’s case through overzealous prosecution or to detract from the impartiality of courtroom atmosphere.
70、辯護(hù)律師依靠長(zhǎng)期作用的準(zhǔn)則來(lái)約束原告律師的行來(lái)：作為法庭的準(zhǔn)司法人員，他們有責(zé)任不能過分起訴來(lái)偏見性對(duì)待一方的案子或者破壞法庭的公正氣氛。
