新概念英語(yǔ)和雅思托?？荚嚨年P(guān)系??快來(lái)一起學(xué)習(xí)吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)對(duì)托福及GRE寫作的幫助
一、“破題”技巧
很多同學(xué)在寫托福、GRE的作文時(shí)遇到的第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是如何“破題”，面對(duì)作文題時(shí)，思路無(wú)法打開，不知道從何處下手。而新四的課文則提供了高超的“破題”范本。以第五課《青年》(Youth)為例，作者在討論代溝問(wèn)題、為年輕人辯護(hù)時(shí)，開篇就指明了問(wèn)題的根本所在：Let’s get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings----people just like their elders。
作者接著指明兩者之間的差別就是：年輕人前程似錦，而老年人一切輝煌都已成過(guò)眼云煙。這樣，下文的論證就有了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。我們?cè)趯懽鲿r(shí)，可以參考這種方法，在開篇把問(wèn)題的根本所在講明白，這樣下文就有話可說(shuō)，而且容易讓人信服。新四中類似的“破題”方法還有很多，再比如24課《美》(beauty)：作為一個(gè)極其抽象的概念，“美”究竟是什么本來(lái)就很難寫清楚，而作者在第一段就給“美”下了巧妙的定義：美總會(huì)讓人想到超越我們俗世的另外一個(gè)世界。在這個(gè)框架中討論“美”，就可以有的放矢了。
二、論證技巧
托福、GRE的寫作一般來(lái)說(shuō)都是論說(shuō)文。論說(shuō)文首先要有自己的觀點(diǎn)，這并不難做到，關(guān)鍵是如何用行之有效的論證技巧來(lái)證明自己觀點(diǎn)的正確性。很多同學(xué)由于沒(méi)有系統(tǒng)掌握論證技巧，所寫托福、GRE的作文往往論證空洞，很難讓批卷者信服。新四中的很多文章則為大家提供了多種論證技巧，我們選取其中的幾個(gè)技巧來(lái)討論。
1. 數(shù)字論證 這種論證技巧在第二課《不要傷害蜘蛛》(spare that spider)中比較典型。這篇課文是要說(shuō)明蜘蛛給人類帶來(lái)的巨大好處，以此勸告人們不要傷害蜘蛛。作者為了告訴讀者蜘蛛殺死害蟲的數(shù)目巨大，用了一系列的數(shù)字，比如，一英畝的場(chǎng)地就有2，250，000只蜘蛛，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)足球場(chǎng)就有6，000，000蜘蛛。1和2，250，000，1和6，000，000相比，讀者一眼就能發(fā)現(xiàn)蜘蛛的數(shù)量之多，就可以想象出每年蜘蛛將清除多少的害蟲。
2. 比較論證 我們還是用第二課為例。作者在第一段中將蜘蛛與鳥類和獸類做比較，指出：all of them(birds and beasts) put together kill only a fraction of the member destroyed by spiders. 這樣就突出了蜘蛛在清除害蟲方面的重要性。接著，作者又寫道：Moreover， unlike some of the other insect eaters， spiders never do the least harm to us or our belongings?？吹酱颂?，面對(duì)如此有百利而無(wú)一害的蜘蛛，讀者當(dāng)然不忍心再去傷害了，而作者的論證也就達(dá)到了目的。
3. “以退為進(jìn)”法 這種技巧適用于駁論。作者先把要反駁的與自己論點(diǎn)相對(duì)的論點(diǎn)擺出來(lái)，然后用事實(shí)來(lái).這樣就更能證明自己論點(diǎn)的正確性。我們以十九課《話說(shuō)夢(mèng)的本質(zhì)》(The stuff of dreams)為例：作者首先提出大家習(xí)以為常的論點(diǎn)，即認(rèn)為睡眠的作用是讓身體休息，這符合讀者的直覺(jué)，接著，作者用確鑿的證據(jù)表明，身體休息并不是非得依靠睡眠。這樣，讀者在自己直覺(jué)上認(rèn)為正確的論點(diǎn)被反駁后，就易于接受作者下文論證的觀點(diǎn)。
再比如十四課《蝴蝶效應(yīng)》(The Butterfly Effect)，作者的論點(diǎn)是：再好的天氣預(yù)報(bào)的預(yù)測(cè)性也不會(huì)超過(guò)七天。文中最有說(shuō)服力也是最精彩的論證也是用的“以退為進(jìn)”法：作者在第二段中先假設(shè)了一個(gè)最為精確的理想化的氣象預(yù)報(bào)儀器設(shè)備，讓讀者感覺(jué)這種設(shè)備已經(jīng)到達(dá)了極致，在理論上可以.者的論點(diǎn)。但是接著，作者還是用科學(xué)證據(jù)表明，即使用這種現(xiàn)實(shí)中不可能采用的理想化儀器，依然不能解決問(wèn)題。這樣，讀者就沒(méi)有任何理由不接受作者的觀點(diǎn)了。
我們這里只是列舉了幾種論證技巧，大家通過(guò)新四的學(xué)習(xí)，會(huì)了解更多的論證技巧，比如第三十一課中的“先抑后揚(yáng)”法，第二十八課的“例證——極度例證”法等等。
三、修辭
前面兩個(gè)部分我們都是討論的宏觀上的寫作技巧，這部分討論的是寫作具體的遣詞造句，即修辭。對(duì)于托福和GRE的寫作，修辭是大家語(yǔ)言功底的展示。修辭包括詞匯的運(yùn)用，句式的變化和修辭格的使用。我們下面從這三個(gè)部分來(lái)討論新四課文與托福、GRE寫作的關(guān)系。
1. 選詞
新四詞匯表上的新詞基本上都是屬于較高層次的單詞，因此，掌握新四的詞匯自然能夠讓你在寫作中體現(xiàn)出高水平的英語(yǔ)文字功底，而詞匯的應(yīng)用是任何英語(yǔ)寫作的重要評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。
當(dāng)然，并不是掌握了大量的詞匯就能夠保證寫作水準(zhǔn)的提高，高質(zhì)量的作文應(yīng)該是在較大詞匯量的基礎(chǔ)上恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂迷~匯。新概念四的課文幾乎每一篇都體現(xiàn)出作者用詞的精妙，我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)課文時(shí)，如果能夠在記憶詞匯的同時(shí)，仔細(xì)體會(huì)課文中單詞的選用，就能夠在自己的寫作中也盡量做到選詞精當(dāng)。
我們以第五課《青年》(Youth)為例，在課文第一段的最后一句話中出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)future， 作者在這兩個(gè)詞前都要用“輝煌的”作定語(yǔ)，為了避免重復(fù)，作者在第一個(gè)future前用了glorious來(lái)修飾，在第二個(gè)future前則用splendid。再看下一句話：He may be conceited， ill-mannered， presumptuous， or fatuous， ……。這句話中，作者一連串用的四個(gè)形容詞恰倒好處，令人叫絕。
2. 句式的變化
很多同學(xué)認(rèn)為托福和GRE中，只要一味寫長(zhǎng)句就可以顯示自己的語(yǔ)言功底了，其實(shí)，這是一種對(duì)英語(yǔ)寫作的誤解。英語(yǔ)寫作講究多變，避免重復(fù)，詞匯的使用如此，句式的選用也是如此。一方面，寫作中必須要長(zhǎng)短句相結(jié)合，在一連串的長(zhǎng)句之后，應(yīng)該有意識(shí)地選用短句，短句短促有力，在論證中可以增強(qiáng)文章的語(yǔ)氣。
另一方面，在使用長(zhǎng)句時(shí)要避免只用一種句式。中國(guó)學(xué)生在寫托福和GRE等考試的作文中，為了使用長(zhǎng)句，經(jīng)常反復(fù)地使用定語(yǔ)從句，這會(huì)令文章顯得過(guò)于單調(diào)，拖泥帶水，讀來(lái)索然無(wú)味(這也是一位在中國(guó)執(zhí)教英語(yǔ)寫作多年的美國(guó)教授親口對(duì)筆者說(shuō)的感受)。要讓作文充滿生氣，就必須學(xué)會(huì)使用不同的長(zhǎng)句句式，新四課文中有不少好的范例，大家在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)可以仔細(xì)體會(huì)，并運(yùn)用到自己的寫作中。比如，我們?cè)诙恼n中可以學(xué)到典型的排比句用法，在三十一課中作者則巧妙地使用了倒裝句式，二十三課中的長(zhǎng)句很多，大家可以仔細(xì)體會(huì)作者是如何避免句式重復(fù)的。
3. 修辭格的使用
修辭格的使用可以增強(qiáng)文章的生動(dòng)性與可讀性。托福、GRE寫作的研究表明，在考試中，恰當(dāng)?shù)男揶o格使用可以極大地提高作文的層次。第十一課《如何安度晚年》(How to grow old)是修辭格使用的經(jīng)典范例。作者在文中把人生比作河流(An individual human existence should be like a river)， small at first指的是人的兒童期，rushing passionately指的是人的青年期，boulders 和waterfalls則喻指人生中的坎坷，而become merged in the sea則是指死亡。某種程度上來(lái)說(shuō)，正是這絕妙的比喻使這段話成為英語(yǔ)散文中的經(jīng)典語(yǔ)段。修辭格除了比喻以外還有擬人、夸張等等，這些都可以在我們課文中找到相應(yīng)的例句。
研讀經(jīng)典范文，學(xué)習(xí)寫作技巧是提高寫作的有效方法，新四的課文在這方面是不可多得的好材料。本文只是從大體上介紹了新四中值得托福、GRE寫作借鑒的幾個(gè)方面，大家在具體的學(xué)習(xí)中一定會(huì)有更多的收獲。寫作具有很強(qiáng)的實(shí)踐性，一方面，同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)新四時(shí)要有意識(shí)地揣摩文章的寫作手法，借鑒寫作技巧;另一方面，大家一定要常動(dòng)筆寫文章，將自己的感悟在實(shí)踐中運(yùn)用，在不斷的練筆中提高寫作水平。
新概念英語(yǔ)優(yōu)秀文章賞析
【篇一】媒體購(gòu)物
With the development of science and technology, it is much more common for people to buy goods through different kinds of media than before. People can buy things such as computers and necklaces through TV, radio, the Internet, etc.
Shopping through media is welcomed by most people due to various reasons. From the perspective of consumers, it can save time for people who don’t have much spare time. For retailers, it can cut costs for those without much circulating funds. However, there are still some defects in shopping through media. First, compared with face-to-face deal, it seems less reliable and trustworthy. Second, people will lose the fun of bargaining.
In my view, although shopping via media brings great convenience to us, we still should be brings great convenience to us, we still should be careful when we “go shopping” through media. We should check the information released by the media. Only in this way can we fully enjoy the convenience brought by media shopping without the concern of being cheated.
【篇二】大學(xué)生活
When i was in high school, I had to study all the time and hardly had spare time to do what i wanted to.Besides, I had to focus on my textbooks and doing exercise again and again. Therefore, I had little time to read magazines and novels and watch TV. what was worse, I couldn't play with my friends a lot, which I couldn't stand the most. In a word, all i did in high shool should be considered for the College Entrance Examination.
However, my college life is totally different from the life in high school.I can arrange my time freely. I spend most of my time reading in the library, where I can open my eyes and broaden my mind.In my free time, I also join some clubs,where i can make a lot of friends of different majors. My teachers in college are so kind and knowledgeable that they not only teach us knowledge but also how to be a person and how to get on with others. In addition, there are more opportunities for me to improve myself.
I believe college life is an important stage in my life. In college, i can learn how to learn by myself, how to get on with others, how to live independently.College provides me with a stage where i can show myself and be myself.
【篇三】職業(yè)選擇
One of the most important problems a young person faces is deciding what to do. There are some people, of course, who from the time they are six years old “know” that they want to be doctors or pilots or fire fighters, but the majority of us do not get around to making a decision about an occupation or career until somebody or something forces us to face the problem.
Choosing an occupation takes time, and there are a lot of things you have to think about as you try to decide what you would like to do. You may find that you will have to take special courses to qualify for a particular kind of work, or you may find out that you will need to get actual work experience to gain enough knowledge to qualify for a particular job.
Fortunately, there are a lot of people you can turn to for advice and help in making your decision. At most schools, there are teachers who are professionally qualified to give you detailed information about job qualifications. And you can talk over your ideas with family members and friends who are always ready to listen and to offer suggestions.
新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)多項(xiàng)選擇題：Finding fossil man
Multiple choice questions 多項(xiàng)選擇題
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1，In illiterate societies, story-telling is a way of ____.
(a) teaching people how to write
(b) allowing us to find out about things that happened 5,000 years ago
(c) passing knowledge of the past from one generation to another
(d) preserving sagas recounted by story-tellers
2，It is extremely likely that ancient people ____.
(a) moved from one place to another
(b) came from Indonesia
(c} have left us information about their migrations
(d) preserved their sagas and legends
3，Anthropologists have been curious about ____.
(a) how Indonesia came to be inhabited
(b) how the Polynesian islands came to be inhabited
(c) why the Polynesian people travelled from Indonesia
(d) how the sagas told by ancient people were written
4，Though wood and skins rot away, anthropologists can learn a great deal from ____.
(a) materials that are easy to shape
(b) the bones of men who made tools
(c) stones that do not decay
(d) ancient tools made from stone
Structure 句型
1，In some parts of the world people are still ____ to write. (11.1-2)
a.incapable
b.impotent
c.enable
d.unable
2，They can preserve their history ____ downlegends. (1.3)
a.by hand
b.by handing
c.to hand
d.in hand
3，The ____ why these legends are useful is that theytell us about migrations. (1.4)
a.cause
b.effect
c.why
d.reason
4，There weren't ____ of them who could write down what they did.(1.5)
a. any
b. none
c. no one
d. noVocabulary詞匯
1，The only way they can preserve their history is to ____ stories. (11.2-3)
a.tell
b.make
c.say
d.recount
2，The people who lived long ago could not ____ their history.(1.5)
a.make
b.know
c.record
d.note
3，Some sagas tell us about the ____ of Polynesian peoples.(11.6-7)
a.origin
b.ancestors
c.explanation
d.legend
4，Tools made of stone, especially flint, were made by ____ (1.11)
a.old men
b.men who lived long ago
c.men of old
d.past men
新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)多項(xiàng)選擇題：Spare that spider
Multiple choice questions 多項(xiàng)選擇題
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension 理解
1，Spiders are our friends because they ____.
a.are beneficial insects
b.destroy insects without hurting us in any way
c.protect insect-eating animals
d.include some of the greatest enemies of the human race
2，Birds and beasts ____.
a.eat as many insects as spiders
b.eat more insects than spiders
c.can't compare with spiders as destroyers of insects
d.destroy a larger fraction of insects than spiders
3，If spiders were insects, they would ____.
a.have eight legs
b.have six legs
c.be able to fly
d.not destroy their own kind
4，Spiders are active in killing insects ____.
a.all the time
b.for most of the year
c.in the summer months
d.for a minimum of six months of each year
Structure 句型
1，It would ____ impossible for us to live in this world if insects had no enemies.(11.2-3)
a.make it
b.stay
c.be
d.have it
2，We owe ____ to the birds and beast who eat insects.(1.4)
a.a great deal
b.a lot of
c.a great many
d.much of
3，How many spiders are involved ____ this work on our behalf?(1.9)
a.at
b.for
c.in
d.to
4，There are many different ____ spiders.(1.11)
a.sorts of
b.kind of
c.type of
d.kinds
Vocabulary 詞匯
1，Spiders ____ insects.(11.3-4)
a.defend us from
b.guard
c.protect
d.insure us against
2，You can see at a glance that spiders are not ____ insects.(1.7)
a.similar
b.like to
c.as
d.the same as
3，Spiders are creatures with large ____.(1.13)
a.hunger
b.appetites
c.desires
d.eating
4，Spiders like to eat more than ____ a day.(1.13)
a.three
b.three time
c.three times
d.threes
新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)對(duì)托福及GRE寫作的幫助相關(guān)文章：
1.一個(gè)月怎樣備考托福聽力
2.托福寫作20多分為什么GRE作文只有3分
