Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another禮尚往來
First listen and then answer the question.聽錄音，然后回答以下問題。
Who paid for Tony's dinner?
I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in.
我正在一家飯館吃飯，托尼.斯蒂爾走了進(jìn)來。
Tony worked in a lawyer's office years ago, but he is now working at a bank.
托尼曾在一家律師事務(wù)所工作，而現(xiàn)在正在一家銀行上班
He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back.
他的薪水很高，但他卻總是向朋友借錢，并且從來不還
Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me.
托尼看見了我，就走過來和我坐到一張桌子前。他從未向我借過錢
While he was eating, I asked him to lend me &20. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately.
但他吃飯時，我提出向他借20英鎊。令我驚奇的是，他立刻把錢給了我
'I have never borrowed any money from you,' Tony said,'so now you can pay for my dinner!'
“我還未向你 借過錢。”托尼說道，“所以現(xiàn)在你可以替我付飯錢了！”
New words and expressions 生詞和短語
turn
n. 行為，舉止
deserve
v. 應(yīng)得到，值得
lawyer
n. 律師
bank
n. 銀行
salary
n. 工資
immediately
adv. 立刻
Notes on the text課文注釋
1 One good turn deserves another.這是句諺語，意思是對于別人的善意或幫助應(yīng)作出相應(yīng)的回報。
2 gets a good salary 有一份很高的薪水。
3 never pays it back，從不歸還。
Lesson 11 自學(xué)導(dǎo)讀First things first
課文詳注 Further notes on the text1．One good turn deserves another,（標(biāo)題）禮尚往來。
（1）名詞turn的含義之一是“（幫助或損害他人的）舉動”、“行為”：
Yesterday George did me a good/ an ill turn.
喬治昨天做了一件對我有利／不利的事。
He is always ready to do a turn for others.
他總是樂于為他人做好事。
（2）deserve的意義為“應(yīng)受”、“應(yīng)得（獎賞、懲罰等）”、“值得”，通常為及物動詞：
His words deserve attention.
他的話值得注意。
Mary deserves the prize.
瑪麗應(yīng)得這個獎。
2．He gets a good salary…他的薪水很高……
good在這里的意思是“相當(dāng)大／多的”、“相當(dāng)可觀的”：
It takes me a good three hours to get there.
我花了整整3小時才到達(dá)那里。
3．…but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. ……但他卻總是向朋友借錢，并且從來不還。
（1）連詞and在這句話中可解釋為“并且”、“另外”(in addition)。
（2）pay在這里的意思是“償還（債務(wù)等）”。
pay還可以解釋為“付”、“支付（價款、賬單等）”，如課文的最后一句話：
…so now you can pay for my dinner!
…所以現(xiàn)在你可以替我付飯錢了！
pay 既是及物動詞也可以是不及物動詞：
How much did you pay for that dress?
那件衣服你花了多少錢？
I paid the bill.
我付了賬。
語法 Grammar in use
1．在前10課的語法中，我們比較了一般過去時、一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在完成時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和過去進(jìn)行時等時態(tài)以及和它們相關(guān)的時間狀語，另外還學(xué)習(xí)了被動語態(tài)。現(xiàn)在我們通過例句簡要回顧一下所學(xué)過的內(nèi)容：
You once worked in bank,didn't you?
你曾經(jīng)在一家銀行工作過，是不是(once指過去曾經(jīng)、一度。與現(xiàn)在的狀況沒有關(guān)系)
Yes,but I'm working in a factory now.
是約。但是我現(xiàn)在在一家工廠上班。(now強(qiáng)調(diào)目前狀況)
Have you seen Mary?
你見到瑪麗了嗎?(不需要特定的時間狀語)
She was cooking lunch when I saw her last.
我最后一次看見她時，她正在做午飯。(過去進(jìn)行時與一般過去時經(jīng)常同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子中)
He was taught to read by his mother.
他由他母親教會讀書。(動作是對主語執(zhí)行的)
Who taught him to read?
誰教他讀書的?(主語是動作執(zhí)行者)
2．動詞+名詞／代詞+ 帶to 的不定式
某些動詞之后的帶to的不定式之前可以有一個名詞或代詞。有些動詞后的名詞／代詞可有可無，但有和沒有經(jīng)常影響整個句子的意義：
I want to speak to John.
我想和約翰談話。(=I will speak.)
I want you to speak to John.
我希望你和約翰談?wù)劇?=You will speak.)
但是，還有一些動詞后面用不定式作賓語時，其后通常必須有一名詞或代詞。這類動詞有：allow, advise, help, teach, tell, request等等。這類動詞不但可用于主動語態(tài)，也可用于被動語態(tài)：
Mr. Turner did not allow us to see the picture.
特納先生沒讓我們看那幅畫。
We were not allowed to see the picture.
人們不許我們看那幅畫。
He taught me to paint.
他教我繪畫。
Jane helped Julie to cook the meal.
簡幫著朱莉做飯。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study
1．salary與wage
salary可譯為“薪金”、“薪水”，通常指職員、腦力勞動者（如律師、教師、醫(yī)生等）的收入，數(shù)額比較固定，一般按月支付：
My salary is paid on the 28th of the month.
我每月28號領(lǐng)工資。
wage可譯為“工資”、“工錢”，通常指技工或一般體力勞動者的收入，按周或天支付。wage一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式wages:
When I worked as a waiter, the wages were low, but the tips were good.
我當(dāng)侍者時工資不高，但小費(fèi)可觀。
Women often get low wages.
婦女的報酬通常很低。
2．borrow與lend
borrow的意思是“借”、“借入”，經(jīng)常與from連用：
He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasn't given me it yet.
他昨天借了我的鋼筆，到現(xiàn)在他還沒有還我。
Can I borrow ￡ 20 from you please? I'll pay/ give it back tomorrow.
我能從您這里借20英鎊嗎？我明天就還給您。
lend的意思是“把……借給”、“借出”，經(jīng)常與介詞to連用：
He refused to lend any money to Tom.
他不肯借給湯姆錢。
Can you lend me ￡ 20 please? I'll pay/ give it back tomorrow.
您能借給我20英鎊嗎？我明天就還給您。
Can you lend your car to me this afternoon?
你今天下午能把車借我用一下嗎？
Lesson 11 課后練習(xí)和答案Exercises and Answer
