有關(guān)翻譯的方法和具體的技巧不勝枚舉。在翻譯過程中,不可能有一種或幾種套式供譯者使用。但一般來(lái)說,翻譯主要有直譯和意譯兩大類。直譯指在譯文的語(yǔ)言條件下,在譯文中既保持原文的內(nèi)容,又保持原文的形式,即無(wú)論從內(nèi)容和形式都忠實(shí)于原文;意譯指向內(nèi)容忠實(shí)于原文,不拘泥于原文的形式。這是因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)分屬不同的語(yǔ)言,兩者在詞匯
、句法結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)法等方面具有很多差異,所以當(dāng)原文的思想內(nèi)容與譯文的表達(dá)形式有矛盾時(shí),就應(yīng)采用意譯法,這樣譯出來(lái)的東西就更加符合漢語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言規(guī)范。畢竟,考試時(shí)最要緊的是用通順的漢語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)原文的意思。下面舉例加以說明:
例1 to determine the conseauences of sleep deficit , researchers have put subjects through a set psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of mumber or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier.
通過對(duì)該題的分析,我們可以看出:"to determine the consequences of sleep deficit "在句中做狀語(yǔ),接著是"主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)"這一基本句型結(jié)構(gòu),它基本上符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方法,試譯如下:
譯文:為了確定睡眠不足產(chǎn)生的后果,研究人員對(duì)測(cè)試對(duì)象進(jìn)行了一系列的心理測(cè)試和行為測(cè)試。例如,要求他們做一組數(shù)字加法,或讓他們回憶幾分鐘前念給他們聽的文章。
例2 don't cross the bridge till you get to it.
像這樣的句子只能采取意譯法,譯為:
譯文:不必?fù)?dān)心過早。或:不必自尋麻煩。
如果按原文字面直譯為"到了橋邊才過橋",未免不倫不類。再舉數(shù)例:
例3 ruth was upsetting the other children,so i showed her the door.
譯:魯絲一直在擾亂別的孩子,我就把他攆了出去。
例4 she didn't like him much , but if she went out with him.it'd be one in the eye of kath.
譯文:她并不怎么喜歡他,可是如果她跟他一起出去玩,那倒可以讓凱絲心中感到不是滋味。
例5 i want a man who will throw his hat over the chindwin and then lead his troops after it.
譯文:我要的是這樣的一個(gè)人他決心在欽敦江破釜沉舟,然后率領(lǐng)部隊(duì)前進(jìn)。
、句法結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)法等方面具有很多差異,所以當(dāng)原文的思想內(nèi)容與譯文的表達(dá)形式有矛盾時(shí),就應(yīng)采用意譯法,這樣譯出來(lái)的東西就更加符合漢語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言規(guī)范。畢竟,考試時(shí)最要緊的是用通順的漢語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)原文的意思。下面舉例加以說明:
例1 to determine the conseauences of sleep deficit , researchers have put subjects through a set psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of mumber or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier.
通過對(duì)該題的分析,我們可以看出:"to determine the consequences of sleep deficit "在句中做狀語(yǔ),接著是"主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)"這一基本句型結(jié)構(gòu),它基本上符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方法,試譯如下:
譯文:為了確定睡眠不足產(chǎn)生的后果,研究人員對(duì)測(cè)試對(duì)象進(jìn)行了一系列的心理測(cè)試和行為測(cè)試。例如,要求他們做一組數(shù)字加法,或讓他們回憶幾分鐘前念給他們聽的文章。
例2 don't cross the bridge till you get to it.
像這樣的句子只能采取意譯法,譯為:
譯文:不必?fù)?dān)心過早。或:不必自尋麻煩。
如果按原文字面直譯為"到了橋邊才過橋",未免不倫不類。再舉數(shù)例:
例3 ruth was upsetting the other children,so i showed her the door.
譯:魯絲一直在擾亂別的孩子,我就把他攆了出去。
例4 she didn't like him much , but if she went out with him.it'd be one in the eye of kath.
譯文:她并不怎么喜歡他,可是如果她跟他一起出去玩,那倒可以讓凱絲心中感到不是滋味。
例5 i want a man who will throw his hat over the chindwin and then lead his troops after it.
譯文:我要的是這樣的一個(gè)人他決心在欽敦江破釜沉舟,然后率領(lǐng)部隊(duì)前進(jìn)。