雅思閱讀各題型4個(gè)技巧親授

由天下分享時(shí)間：2022-04-02 23:26:13 加入收藏我要投稿點(diǎn)贊

雅思閱讀的難度是逐年的水漲船高。今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了雅思閱讀各題型4個(gè)技巧親授 ,希望能夠幫助到大家，下面小編就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。

【雅思閱讀技巧】雅思閱讀各題型4個(gè)技巧親授

1、信息段落配對(duì)題

雅思閱讀中的段落信息配對(duì)題一直是同學(xué)們?nèi)〉酶叻值臄r路虎。我們先來(lái)分析一下這種題型的特點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。配對(duì)題考察的重點(diǎn)只有一個(gè)，那就是同義替換。配對(duì)題看似簡(jiǎn)單，因?yàn)橹灰业叫畔⒃谀且欢温渚涂梢粤耍恍枰衽袛囝}那樣的深度

理解和邏輯判斷。但是，尤其對(duì)于閱讀功底不強(qiáng)的同學(xué)，這種題目非常棘手。同學(xué)們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有的題目和原文對(duì)應(yīng)的出題句樣子長(zhǎng)的一點(diǎn)都不一樣，沒(méi)有任何一個(gè)詞是原詞出現(xiàn)，但他們確實(shí)表達(dá)的一個(gè)意思。例如，劍橋雅思4第三套題第三篇文章中的配對(duì)題28題，題目是the importance of taking notes of body language,文中對(duì)應(yīng)的句子卻是the recording has to be supplemented by the observer’swritten comments of the non-verbal behavior of the participants. 這兩個(gè)句子沒(méi)有一個(gè)詞是一樣的，但細(xì)心的同學(xué)能發(fā)現(xiàn)很明顯的三組同義替換那就是重要性、肢體語(yǔ)言、做筆記。因?yàn)榕鋵?duì)題改寫(xiě)嚴(yán)重的特點(diǎn)，配對(duì)題的定位詞很難確定，許多在判斷題中不會(huì)改寫(xiě)的名詞在配對(duì)題中也被改的面目全非。再加上配對(duì)題的出題順序沒(méi)有任何規(guī)律可言，還經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)NB----一個(gè)段落里包含兩個(gè)題目信息，所以這種題型蒙對(duì)的概率非常低。原則上來(lái)講，配對(duì)題每做一道題都需要全文通讀，因?yàn)槊恳活}都可能在文中的任何位置。

配對(duì)題的難度是顯而易見(jiàn)的，但是再難的題，我們也能把握其出題規(guī)律，找到最高效、快捷的做出盡可能多答案的方法。這種題在考場(chǎng)上我們肯定是沒(méi)有時(shí)間去讀很多遍文章的，我們必須做到文章讀一遍，所有的題目就處理完了。絕大多數(shù)的配對(duì)題都是細(xì)節(jié)題，因此我們都要從題目入手，找到關(guān)鍵詞。又由于名詞也可能被替換成其他詞，所以我們要采用多點(diǎn)撒網(wǎng)，重點(diǎn)抓魚(yú)的策略，把題目中所有的信息詞(包括名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞)都劃下來(lái)，同時(shí)記住題目的整體意思。做題過(guò)程中，閱讀功底不強(qiáng)的同學(xué)，可以采取只用掃讀的方法，沒(méi)掃一段或者幾句話就回到題目中看看有沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)所劃的信息詞。有出現(xiàn)信息詞，適當(dāng)對(duì)這句話做點(diǎn)精讀，一般答案就可以確定了。閱讀功底強(qiáng)的同學(xué)，可以采取用略讀加掃讀的方法，在讀懂段落句子大意的同時(shí)注意是否有原詞出現(xiàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)意思相近或原詞出現(xiàn)，適當(dāng)做精讀確定答案。但不管閱讀功底強(qiáng)和不強(qiáng)的同學(xué)，大家都要記住一個(gè)原則：做題的時(shí)候要心靜，要特別細(xì)致，做到能夠確定自己沒(méi)讀的一句話確實(shí)有或者沒(méi)有題目信息。這樣讀完一遍文章后，我們就把自己能做的題都做出來(lái)了，做不出來(lái)的題我們?cè)倩仡^讀很多遍也還是做不出來(lái)的，因?yàn)橹灰^(guò)程做的仔細(xì)，做不出來(lái)的題目就是我們不認(rèn)識(shí)的替換，看再多遍也是不能幫助我們確定答案的。

以上是我們對(duì)配對(duì)題的具體應(yīng)對(duì)方法，在實(shí)際做題當(dāng)中我們還應(yīng)當(dāng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)。1、配對(duì)題題目全部是以名詞短語(yǔ)形式出現(xiàn)，略讀和掃讀時(shí)要尤其注意段落中的主語(yǔ)。2、注意把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)信息，文章段落之間的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系有時(shí)也能幫助我們確定每段大致信息內(nèi)容。3、做同篇文章其他題型時(shí)，注意題目出題點(diǎn)在文章的位置分配，出題密度小的段落往往就是配對(duì)題出題點(diǎn)。

方法技巧的運(yùn)用都是要建立在同學(xué)們的閱讀功底和基礎(chǔ)上的，試想同學(xué)們可以讀英文文章如流水，再配上我們的做題方法，配對(duì)題還能是難題么?所以大家在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中要多注重對(duì)自己閱讀功底的培養(yǎng)，尤其是主干略讀法的掌握，很大程度上決定你能多快、多準(zhǔn)的做題。大家在平時(shí)訓(xùn)練中可以注重訓(xùn)練對(duì)整篇文章主干大意的攝取，培養(yǎng)略讀能力，這樣對(duì)提高配對(duì)題準(zhǔn)確率乃至整個(gè)雅思閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)都有很大推動(dòng)作用。

2、標(biāo)題對(duì)應(yīng)題

標(biāo)題題(List of Heading)

List of Heading也就是我們大家熟悉的標(biāo)題題了。這種題型是唯一一種出現(xiàn)在文章前面的題型。而且，這種題是一種考察文章大意的題型而不是細(xì)節(jié)題。標(biāo)題題由兩部分組成，一部分是選項(xiàng)，另外一部分是一個(gè)段落編號(hào)，我們要做的也就是給每個(gè)段落找一個(gè)小標(biāo)題。所對(duì)應(yīng)的段落也分為兩種情況，一種是所考察的section包含若干個(gè)小分段;另一種則只包含一個(gè)小段。

標(biāo)題題是一種高頻題型，平均每?jī)纱慰荚嚂?huì)出現(xiàn)一次，有時(shí)甚至連續(xù)出現(xiàn)。然而，此種題型比較難，是亂序題，而且要求考生總結(jié)段落大意，對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)要求較高。

List of Heading解題步驟

劃去選項(xiàng)中的例子，以及原文中例子所對(duì)應(yīng)段落的序號(hào)這種題型有的時(shí)候會(huì)給例子，有的時(shí)候沒(méi)有例子在剩余的選項(xiàng)中劃取關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞應(yīng)盡量劃取名詞以及形容詞注意是否有相似或相反的標(biāo)題，若有則至少有一個(gè)會(huì)是正確答案掃讀并總結(jié)文章所考查的每個(gè)section的中心思想重點(diǎn)看所考查小段的第一句，第二句和最后一句，劃出主題句的關(guān)鍵詞段落中間部分快速瀏覽即可對(duì)應(yīng)兩組關(guān)鍵詞，以確定答案

注意事項(xiàng)亂序性，即正確答案在原文中無(wú)順序可言有簡(jiǎn)單有難，有的答案一目了然，有的答案卻反復(fù)推敲都難以確認(rèn)著重注意轉(zhuǎn)折，并列等連接詞適當(dāng)運(yùn)用排除法，越到最后就越要應(yīng)用該法答案不會(huì)出現(xiàn)重復(fù)使用現(xiàn)象，每個(gè)選項(xiàng)只會(huì)使用一次做出一道題就劃去一道題正確答案具有概括性與總結(jié)性干擾項(xiàng)一般是一些小細(xì)節(jié)，新概念段落高頻詞理論一段話中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的名詞或形容詞當(dāng)一個(gè)文章段落在10行以內(nèi)時(shí)，出現(xiàn)2次及為高頻詞，當(dāng)一個(gè)文章段落在11行以上時(shí)，出現(xiàn)3次即為高頻詞。

例題

PRACTICE PASSAGE List of Headings

i Causes of volcanic eruption

ii Efforts to predict volcanic eruption

iii Volcanoes and the features of our planet

iv Different types of volcanic eruption

v International relief efforts

vi The unpredictability of volcanic eruptions

從上述6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為Section A, B, C, D選擇合適的heading.

Volcanoes – earth-shattering news

When Mount Pinatubo suddenly erupted on 9 June 1991, the power of volcanoes past and present again hit the headlines

A Volcanoes are the ultimate earth-moving machinery. A violent eruption can blow the top few kilometres off a mountain, scatter fine ash practically all over the globe and hurt rock fragments into the stratosphere to darken the skies a continent away.

But the classic eruption – cone-shaped mountain, big bang, mushroom cloud and surges of molten lava – is only a tiny part of a global story. Volcanism, the name given to volcanic processes, really has shaped the world. Eruptions have rifted continents, raised mountain chains, constructed islands and shaped the topography of the earth. The entire ocean floor has a basement of volcanic basalt.

Volcanoes have not only made the continents, they are also thought to have made the world’s first stable atmosphere and provided all the water for the oceans, rivers and ice-caps. There are now about 600 active volcanoes. Every year they add two or three cubic kilometres of rock to the continents. Imagine a similar number of volcanoes smoking away for the last 3,500 million years. That is enough rock to explain the continental crust.

What comes out of volcanic craters is mostly gas. More than 90% of this gas is water vapour from the deep earth: enough to explain, over 3,500 million years, the water in the oceans. The rest of the gas is nitrogen, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, methane, ammonia and hydrogen. The quantity of these gases, again multiplied over 3,500 million years, is enough to explain the mass of the world’s atmosphere. We are alive because volcanoes provided the soil, air and water we need.

B Geologists consider the earth as having a molten core, surrounded by a semi-molten mantle

and a brittle, outer skin. It helps to think of a soft-boiled egg with a runny yolk, a firm but squishy white and a hard shell. If the shell is even slightly cracked during boiling, the white material bubbles out and sets like a tiny mountain chain over the crack – like an archipelago of volcanic islands such as the Hawaiian Islands. But the earth is so much bigger and the mantle below is so much halter.

Even though the mantle rocks are kept solid by overlying pressure, they can still slowly ‘flow’ like thick treacle. The flow, thought to be in the form of convection currents, is powerful enough to fracture the ‘eggshell’ of the crust into plates, and keep them bumping and grinding against each other, or even overlapping, at the rate of a few centimetres a year. These fracture zones, where the collisions occur, are where earthquakes happen. And, very often, volcanoes.

C These zones are lines of weakness, or hot spots. Every eruption is different, but put at its simplest, where there are weaknesses, rocks deep in the mantle, heated to 1,350oC, will start to expand and rise. As they do so, the pressure drops, and they expand and become liquid and rise more swiftly.

Sometimes it is slow: vast bubbles of magma – molten rock from the mantle – inch towards the surface, cooling slowly, to show through as granite extrusions (as on Skye, or the Great Whin Sill, the lava dyke squeezed out like toothpaste that carries part of Hadrian’s Wall in northern England). Sometimes – as in Northern Ireland, Wales and the Karoo in South Africa – the magma rose faster, and then flowed out horizontally on to the surface in vast thick sheets. In the Deccan plateau in western India, there are more than two million cubic kilometres of lava, some of it 2,400 metres thick, formed over 500,000 years of slurping eruption.

Sometimes the magma moves very swiftly indeed. It does not have time to cool as it surges upwards. The gases trapped inside the boiling rock expand suddenly, the lava glows with heat, it begins to froth, and it explodes with tremendous force. Then the slightly cooler lava following it begins to flow over the lip of the crater. It happens on Mars, it happened on the moon, it even happens on some of the moons of Jupiter and Uranus. By studying the evidence, volcanologists can read the force of the great blasts of the past. Is the pumice light and full of holes? The explosion was tremendous. Are the rocks heavy, with huge crystalline basalt shapes, like the Giant’s Causeway in Northern Ireland? It was a slow, gentle eruption.

The biggest eruption are deep on the mid-ocean floor, where new lava is forcing the continents apart and widening the Atlantic by perhaps five centimetres a year. Look at maps of volcanoes, earthquakes and island chains like the Philippines and Japan, and you can see the rough outlines of what are called tectonic plates – the plates which make up the earth’s crust and mantle. The most dramatic of these is the Pacific ‘ring of fire’ where there have the most violent explosions – Mount Pinatubo near Manila, Mount St Helen’s in the Rockies and El Chichón in Mexico about a decade ago, not to mention world-shaking blasts like Krakatoa in the Sunda Straits in 1883.

D But volcanoes are not very predictable. That is because geological time is not like human time. During quiet periods, volcanoes cap themselves with their own lava by forming a powerful cone from the molten rocks slopping over the rim of the crater; later the lava cools slowly into a huge, hard, stable plug which blocks any further eruption until the pressure below becomes irresistible. In the case of Mount Pinatubo, this took 600 years.

Then, sometimes, with only a small warning, the mountain blows its top. It did this at Mont Pelée in Martinique at 7.49 a.m. on 8 May, 1902. Of a town of 28,000, only two people survived. In 1815, a sudden blast removed the top 1,280 metres of Mount Tambora in Indonesia. The eruption was so fierce that dust thrown into the stratosphere darkened the skies, canceling the following summer in Europe and North America. Thousands starved as the harvest failed, after snow in June and frosts in August. Volcanoes are potentially world news, especially the quiet ones.

試題解析：

首先，本題沒(méi)有給出例子，考生需要提前判定的就是明確有幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)，即有多少個(gè)選項(xiàng)是用不上的。通過(guò)分析，可以得出本題有四個(gè)題目，6個(gè)選項(xiàng)，也就是說(shuō)有2個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)。

其次，通過(guò)分析所有的選項(xiàng)，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎每個(gè)選項(xiàng)都含有相同的表達(dá)“volcanic eruption”，正好符合文章的標(biāo)題。這樣的詞或詞組應(yīng)該是文章的主題，會(huì)在文章各個(gè)段落中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，就不太適合作為各個(gè)section的關(guān)鍵詞。那么每個(gè)section在判定時(shí)就應(yīng)該以其他詞作為重要關(guān)鍵詞。本題中每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)的合適關(guān)鍵詞如下：

i Causes of volcanic eruption

ii Efforts to predict volcanic eruption

iii Volcanoes and the features of our planet

iv Different types of volcanic eruption

v International relief efforts

vi The unpredictability of volcanic eruptions

再次，通過(guò)劃取選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)幾個(gè)實(shí)用的特色:

第一個(gè)選項(xiàng)含有causes，也就是表達(dá)原因之意。根據(jù)雅思文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)特色，文章的中部段落傾向于分析原因。這樣，考生可以大致預(yù)測(cè)該選項(xiàng)傾向于文章的中部段落。

第二個(gè)選項(xiàng)含有predict，最后一個(gè)選項(xiàng)含有unpredictability，兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成了相反關(guān)系，說(shuō)明這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中至少有一個(gè)為正確答案。這種類型的選項(xiàng)出題方式在雅思標(biāo)題題中非常常見(jiàn)，因此考生在做題時(shí)應(yīng)多觀察是否有這樣的特點(diǎn)。此外，predict和unpredictability都有預(yù)測(cè)的相關(guān)意思。根據(jù)雅思文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)特色，文章的尾部段落傾向于預(yù)測(cè)或展望未來(lái)。如此一來(lái)，考生可以大致預(yù)測(cè)這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都傾向于文章的尾部段落。

第三個(gè)選項(xiàng)側(cè)重于我們的星球的特征，所謂我們的星球既是指地球，在回原文分析時(shí)要側(cè)重看一看是否提到地球的一些特征。

第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)側(cè)重于不同種類的火山爆發(fā)。該選項(xiàng)屬于高度總結(jié)概括的選項(xiàng)，傾向于正確答案。

第五個(gè)選項(xiàng)意為國(guó)際救災(zāi)努力，需回原文關(guān)注是否提到這方面信息。

接下來(lái)開(kāi)始分析原文每一個(gè)section。考生應(yīng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注每個(gè)小段的首尾句，略讀中間部分。只要有關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)應(yīng)，即能確認(rèn)該section的小標(biāo)題。同時(shí)也應(yīng)注意觀察是否有段落符合在分析選項(xiàng)時(shí)的預(yù)判。

Section A

雅思文章在行文上往往開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，也就是文章的開(kāi)頭段落往往直入主題，明確告訴讀者文章的中心內(nèi)容會(huì)講什么。Section A包含四個(gè)小的分段，前兩個(gè)小段是對(duì)volcano下了一個(gè)定義，告訴讀者火山是什么。第三個(gè)小段，明確提出火山形成了陸地，空氣和水。這三個(gè)元素明顯涉及到地球的特征，尤其是水，現(xiàn)今仍幾乎是所有已知星球中唯有地球有豐富儲(chǔ)量的元素。因而，Section A所對(duì)應(yīng)的小標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是iii。同時(shí)，考生應(yīng)養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣，將所用過(guò)的選項(xiàng)劃去。

Section B

這個(gè)section包含兩個(gè)小段，雖然短，但用詞比較生僻，詞匯量較薄弱的考生尤其不易判定具體選擇哪一個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)。考試中遇到這種情況，可暫時(shí)放下，本篇文章只有兩個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)，并不算多。因此，在做完其他段落之后，拐回頭用排除法再確定這個(gè)小段的合適選項(xiàng)，不失為一個(gè)合適的做題方法。

該section首句提出地球有三個(gè)部分構(gòu)成：地核，地幔和地殼。其后以半熟的雞蛋為例分析了火山爆發(fā)的原理。雞蛋正好也是由三個(gè)部分構(gòu)成，蛋黃(對(duì)應(yīng)地核)，蛋白(對(duì)應(yīng)地幔)以及蛋殼(對(duì)應(yīng)地殼)。如果，雞蛋殼破了，眾所周知，蛋白就會(huì)流出來(lái)。同樣原理，在地球板塊碰撞的情況下，地殼也會(huì)破裂，地幔就會(huì)噴發(fā)出來(lái)，也就是火山爆發(fā)了。所以該段對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)i。也符合對(duì)于選項(xiàng)i中含有cause的預(yù)判。

Section C

此section包含四個(gè)小段。在分析各個(gè)小段過(guò)程中，通過(guò)每個(gè)小段首句的分析，可以得出這四個(gè)小段是個(gè)并列關(guān)系的組合。第一小段首句承接上一段，得出這些區(qū)域是一些脆弱且炎熱的地帶。第二小段首句解釋有時(shí)候它非常慢。考生可能會(huì)對(duì)it指代什么感到疑惑。但是在讀到第三小段首句之后，就能理解了。第三小段首句指出有時(shí)候火山的熔巖移動(dòng)的非常快。明顯和上一段并列，也指出it指代的就是熔巖。最后一個(gè)小段指出最大的火山爆發(fā)發(fā)生在海底。由此對(duì)應(yīng)剩余選項(xiàng)，考生可輕易發(fā)現(xiàn)iv為正確答案。也符合高度總結(jié)概括的選項(xiàng)傾向于答案的推定。

Section D

根據(jù)預(yù)判，最后一個(gè)section很有可能在ii和vi中決定。Section D首句即為一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but。這類詞后應(yīng)做為重點(diǎn)來(lái)分析。考生可以很容易理解首句意思，火山不太能夠被預(yù)測(cè)。再對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)，最終vi應(yīng)是正確答案。

3、選擇題

雅思閱讀中的選擇題有兩種主要形式：一種是四選一，即“單項(xiàng)選擇題”，(Multiple choice) 另一種是“多選多”(Pick from a list)，即“多項(xiàng)選擇題”。

雅思閱讀選擇題的題型特點(diǎn)：

1.考察內(nèi)容細(xì)節(jié)

除了通常位于文章末尾的multiple choice 題型考察考生對(duì)全文大意的理解之外，其余的都是要建立在對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解之上的。

2.多項(xiàng)選擇題答案集中

多項(xiàng)選擇題的答案大都是出現(xiàn)在1-2個(gè)小段之內(nèi)(最多不超過(guò)4段)。所以考生只要定位到了相關(guān)的段落并進(jìn)行略讀，根據(jù)題干要求找到答案。

3.選擇項(xiàng)以同義轉(zhuǎn)換為表現(xiàn)形式選擇題的選項(xiàng)部分，通常是將文章的語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行近義詞或同義句形式進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。

雅思閱讀選擇題的做題原則：

A.閱讀題干，劃出定位詞

由于選擇題考察細(xì)節(jié)的特點(diǎn)，故題干中的詞往往能夠提供定位，方便考生在文章中把所對(duì)應(yīng)的句子或段落找出來(lái)。

例：In the first paragraph the writer makes the point that blind people (劍4,Test 1, Q27)

這道題目中，明顯有兩處定位：一處是first paragraph，另一處是blind people，故只需要在第一段找到blind people，就能找出題目所對(duì)應(yīng)的句子了。

但并不是所有的多項(xiàng)選擇題都會(huì)明確地告知范圍。

例：Which THREE of the following statements are true of Johnson’s Dictionary? (劍5 Test 1 Q1-3)因?yàn)槲恼碌念}目就叫Johnson’s Dictionary，故這道題目根本沒(méi)有定位詞。那么這種題目很難下手，建議放到最后來(lái)做。把其它的題目都做完之后，再根據(jù)其選項(xiàng)大致推測(cè)出所在文章的范圍。

B.閱讀選項(xiàng)，劃出核心詞

因?yàn)檫x項(xiàng)提供了對(duì)原文正確或者是錯(cuò)誤的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，所以在尋找正確答案之前，一定要事先通讀選項(xiàng)。

C.定位相關(guān)句子段落

由于選擇項(xiàng)的干擾性往往很強(qiáng)，所以對(duì)找到的相關(guān)句子或段落一定要進(jìn)行仔細(xì)閱讀，排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。甄別干擾項(xiàng)這一步驟是考生解題的關(guān)鍵，很多考生在往往對(duì)幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)猶豫不決，經(jīng)常跳進(jìn)題目的陷阱。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，干擾項(xiàng)有如下幾個(gè)類別：

①相似陷阱

如果題目中出現(xiàn)的個(gè)別單詞與原文中的用詞一模一樣，尤其是一些經(jīng)常被同義

替換掉的動(dòng)詞、形容詞等，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)很有可能是干擾選項(xiàng)，考生應(yīng)仔細(xì)對(duì)比分析其

它選項(xiàng)，避免因匆忙下結(jié)論，得出錯(cuò)誤答案。

②偷換概念陷阱

有時(shí)在是中，選項(xiàng)中雖然與文中有對(duì)應(yīng)或相似的詞或表達(dá)，但選項(xiàng)中偷換了關(guān)鍵性的成分(如謂語(yǔ)部分)，使得答案表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤。

③搭配不當(dāng)陷阱

這種選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)是：選項(xiàng)本身是正確的，但是跟題干卻不能形成搭配關(guān)系。

4、判斷題

雅思閱讀有所謂的“小三理論”，就是大家在做雅思閱讀的時(shí)候，需要注意的三種素質(zhì)：首先是三看，做題之前，標(biāo)題、插圖和每段的第一句話必須得看，把文章的主要思想和每段的大致重點(diǎn)把握個(gè)十有八九，這樣做題的時(shí)候才有分寸;其次是三力，三種能力分別是4000-6000左右的詞匯量和高中的語(yǔ)法能力;一般以上的常識(shí)判斷能力;以及具備一定的邏輯推理能力;最后是三度，分別指的是劃關(guān)鍵詞的準(zhǔn)確度、回原文定位的速度和對(duì)同義詞替換的敏感度。烤鴨們可以參照各自的做題經(jīng)驗(yàn)，找到屬于自己的短板和瓶頸，再有針對(duì)性的做一些專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練。

現(xiàn)在主要說(shuō)說(shuō)所謂邏輯推理能力。這一概念乍一聽(tīng)有些玄，其實(shí)實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容很好理解，就是涉及到閱讀文章的題目和原文的復(fù)合句中的連詞和介詞短語(yǔ)影射出來(lái)的兩句話或兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)之間的邏輯關(guān)系，即兩者是方向一致(均為positive或均為negative),抑或方向相反。具體的表現(xiàn)方式為：

并列、遞進(jìn)(and/or; also/besides/in addition/furthermore)連接兩句話，邏輯方向一致;轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步(but/however/whereas/yet; although/even if/though/while/despite/in spite of)連接兩句話，邏輯方向相反;因果(because/for/as/since/due to/owing to/originate from/result from; so/therefore/as a result/as a consequence/result in/lead to/cause/contribute to)邏輯方向一致。

實(shí)例講解：Eg:1.劍4 P45 Q10 Lost for Words判斷題干S:The Navajo language will die out because it currently has too few speakers.(下劃線為關(guān)鍵詞)原文P: Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150000 speakers.

解析：原文的表示讓步的介詞despite 為解題關(guān)鍵，前半部分說(shuō)Navajo這種語(yǔ)言面臨滅絕危險(xiǎn)，邏輯方向?yàn)樨?fù)向，即為negative;despite將方向逆轉(zhuǎn)，則說(shuō)明后半部分“having 150000 speakers”中的150000說(shuō)此種語(yǔ)言的人數(shù)是很多的，同題干中的too few矛盾，固答案為FALSE.此題如果沒(méi)有despite的轉(zhuǎn)折作用，150000的數(shù)量因?yàn)闆](méi)有相對(duì)的比照和參考，我們是無(wú)法判斷到底是多還是少的。

Eg 2. 劍6第43頁(yè)Q11 Advantages of Public Transport配對(duì)題干: Perth 選項(xiàng)F: inefficient due to a limited public transport system原文：Perth is a perfect example of a city with minimal public transport. As a result, 17% of its wealth went into transport costs.

解析：原文中minimal同選項(xiàng)中l(wèi)imited屬于同義替換。而既然前半句的意思是Perth這個(gè)城市的公共交通是全國(guó)最少的，此句話的邏輯方向應(yīng)該是負(fù)向的。As a result作為表因果關(guān)系的連詞，其連接的后半句的邏輯方向應(yīng)當(dāng)也是負(fù)向的，故而得出結(jié)論: 這個(gè)城市的居民花掉17%的錢(qián)來(lái)作為交通成本，那這個(gè)城市的交通效率應(yīng)當(dāng)是較為低下的，可以推理出次句對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)中inefficient一詞.

雖然邏輯推理在做題時(shí)非常重要，但是同學(xué)們做題時(shí)一定要注意謹(jǐn)防推理過(guò)度。先做我們來(lái)舉一個(gè)較為淺顯的例子。有一篇閱讀文章是熱議80后相親熱的，其中有一道判斷題題干為:

題1：The man who met Grace in the party is not very handsome.

另一道題題干為：

題2：Grace did not like the man she knew from the party.

這兩道題對(duì)應(yīng)的原文是同一句話：

文：According to Grace, The man she talked with in the party is really nice despite his appearance.

同學(xué)們可以先預(yù)設(shè)一下兩題的答案。

第一題根據(jù)邏輯推理，應(yīng)該不難判斷，答案是TRUE,因?yàn)樵闹衐espite一詞的轉(zhuǎn)折作用告訴我們這位男士的外貌應(yīng)該是不怎么樣的;

第二題有很多同學(xué)會(huì)誤選成TRUE或FALSE;但只要仔細(xì)推敲，選擇這兩個(gè)答案的理由都是推理過(guò)度了，選TRUE的同學(xué)誤以為既然男孩人長(zhǎng)的不好看，自然就不喜歡人家了，此處犯的錯(cuò)誤是誤將做題人自己生活中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和價(jià)值觀強(qiáng)加在題中，屬于“外貌協(xié)會(huì)”人士的典型錯(cuò)誤;選FALSE的同學(xué)只看重原文的前半句，既然這男孩很nice,那自然就喜歡人家了，管他長(zhǎng)相好不好看呢，況且despite只是讓步，并不是句中的重點(diǎn)信息，強(qiáng)調(diào)的還是nice這一優(yōu)點(diǎn)。殊不知，原文中只是客觀地告訴了讀者Grace對(duì)于男生的整體印象，至于她喜歡還是不喜歡他，從當(dāng)句話是不能得出任何結(jié)論的，所以答案為NG.

如果大家對(duì)邏輯推理產(chǎn)生了些許興趣的話，可以打開(kāi)劍橋6的46頁(yè)，用這一方法做一下14-22題。文章標(biāo)題為 Greying Population Stays in the Pink，只要同學(xué)們留意文章的標(biāo)題和第一句話，就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)整篇文章的邏輯方向應(yīng)該都是Positive的，說(shuō)到老年人越來(lái)越健康、快樂(lè)和獨(dú)立了。那么14-22這道選擇類摘要題中的文字應(yīng)當(dāng)從邏輯方向上也是Positive的，所以很多題的答案根據(jù)連接詞和上下文，就不難直接做出判斷，不用回原文尋找了。

雅思閱讀中的9種重要關(guān)系

1. 表轉(zhuǎn)折：

but, however, yet, in fact, on the other hand;

A, but B: 否定A而肯定B，則A，B兩部分內(nèi)容是相反的。

例如：Computerized data storage and electronic mail were to have heralded the paper less office. But, contrary to expectations, paper consumption throughout the world shows no sign of abating .

解釋：paper less 表示負(fù)向，則but后no sign of abating 表示正向，所以abating是表示負(fù)向的詞。

總結(jié)：此種方法有利于在不認(rèn)識(shí)單詞的前提下讀懂句子意思，很有幫助，但一定要練習(xí)，而且要敏感。

練習(xí)：The marginal costs of generating electricity from nuclear energy may be tiny, but , as the technology now stands, huge and uncertain costs are involved in building the power stations, dealing with spent fuel, and decommissioning.

2. 表讓步：

(1)although：although A, B:盡管有A，B還是出現(xiàn)了(A，B互不影響)若A是正，那B就是負(fù)的。

例如：Although the world regards Asia as the focus of an economic and industrial miracle, without adequate supplies of food, Lampe says, chaos could easily result in many countries.

解釋：miracle奇跡，表正向,則but后的chaos是一個(gè)表負(fù)向的詞。

(2)while：五個(gè)含義：

A. although：雖然，盡管

B. as long as：只要

C. whereas, but：表轉(zhuǎn)折

D.when：當(dāng)。。。的時(shí)候

E. n. 表一段時(shí)間

例如：While ducks offer many advantages over hens, they must be given greater quality of food, especially if regular eggs are desired.

解釋：原文在本段之前講鴨子的好，在本段之后講它的不好。

(3)Albeit：盡管，雖然

例如：Albeit true but not now.

3. 表并列：A and B

A...and B...

(1) 并列雙方性質(zhì)相同;

(2) 當(dāng)A、B都比較復(fù)雜時(shí)，應(yīng)該從最后一項(xiàng)找起，根據(jù)B的形式到前文找到A

例如：The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.

解釋：此句話中共有四個(gè)and ,第一個(gè)and 并列of 結(jié)構(gòu)，第二個(gè)and 并列fumes和toxic,第三個(gè)and并列taxicabs, lorries 和buses, 第四個(gè)and并列full of …, torn by… 和thronged…

4 表遞進(jìn)：沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思，后項(xiàng)承接上文。

A furthermore B

A moreover B

A besides B

A為正向，B 仍為正向。

5 表順序或過(guò)程：

(1) first, then, next, later on, finally

(2) 1st, 2nd, 3rd…

(3) in the first place, in the second place…

(4) before…, after…

(5) once, until, as soon as,…

雅思閱讀Matching題如何解答