1. allow adequate time to plan, write, rewrite, and edit your document.
1. 保留充足的時(shí)間起草，寫作，重寫以及編輯你的文章。
2. know your topic thoroughly.
2. 對(duì)寫作話題要有的充分理解。
3. identify your specific purpose for writing--and write to achieve that purpose.
3. 明確寫作的目標(biāo)，并為朝著這個(gè)目標(biāo)而寫作。
4. keep your audience in mind from start to finish: adopt the "you attitude."
4. 始終把讀者放在心中，采用“讀者立場(chǎng)”原則。
5. present information clearly and accurately.
5. 清晰準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)你的觀點(diǎn)。
6. use concrete examples to clarify important concepts.
6. 使用具體例子來(lái)闡述重要的概念。
7. define unfamiliar technical terms and avoid needless jargon.
7. 文章中要區(qū)分和避免使用生僻的術(shù)語(yǔ)。
8. use the active voice and passive voice appropriately.
8. 靈活運(yùn)用主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
9. avoid excessive nominalization (long strings of nouns).
9. 盡量避免使用過(guò)多的名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。
10. begin paragraphs with main points; don't bury key ideas in the middle.
10. 開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，不要把主要觀點(diǎn)藏在段落中間。
11. use imperative sentences when giving instructions.
11. 在給予指示的時(shí)候多使用祈使句。
12. use bulleted or numbered lists for items in a series.
12. 把同級(jí)的觀點(diǎn)以項(xiàng)目符號(hào)或編號(hào)的形式排列。
13. anticipate your readers' questions and respond to them directly.
13. 預(yù)測(cè)讀者可能會(huì)提出的問(wèn)題并在文中回答。
14. keep quotations brief and credit your sources.
14. 引言要盡可能簡(jiǎn)短，并標(biāo)明出處。
15. use meaningful headings and subheadings to highlight your organizational plan and guide your readers.
15. 標(biāo)題和副標(biāo)題要具有代表性的，以此突出邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，指引讀者。
16. use appropriate graphics to enhance and illustrate key points.
16. 適當(dāng)使用圖表來(lái)突出重點(diǎn)。
17. briefly summarize your conclusions or recommendations at the end of the document.
17. 在文末簡(jiǎn)要地總結(jié)你的結(jié)論或建議。
18. read your draft aloud as you revise.
18. 邊修改邊大聲讀出你的草稿。
19. cut the clutter as you edit.
19. 把累贅的地方刪除掉。
20. proofread your text--and ask someone else to proofread it as well.
20. 校對(duì)文本，當(dāng)你認(rèn)為沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，也可以請(qǐng)求別人幫你校對(duì)。
1. 保留充足的時(shí)間起草，寫作，重寫以及編輯你的文章。
2. know your topic thoroughly.
2. 對(duì)寫作話題要有的充分理解。
3. identify your specific purpose for writing--and write to achieve that purpose.
3. 明確寫作的目標(biāo)，并為朝著這個(gè)目標(biāo)而寫作。
4. keep your audience in mind from start to finish: adopt the "you attitude."
4. 始終把讀者放在心中，采用“讀者立場(chǎng)”原則。
5. present information clearly and accurately.
5. 清晰準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)你的觀點(diǎn)。
6. use concrete examples to clarify important concepts.
6. 使用具體例子來(lái)闡述重要的概念。
7. define unfamiliar technical terms and avoid needless jargon.
7. 文章中要區(qū)分和避免使用生僻的術(shù)語(yǔ)。
8. use the active voice and passive voice appropriately.
8. 靈活運(yùn)用主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
9. avoid excessive nominalization (long strings of nouns).
9. 盡量避免使用過(guò)多的名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。
10. begin paragraphs with main points; don't bury key ideas in the middle.
10. 開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，不要把主要觀點(diǎn)藏在段落中間。
11. use imperative sentences when giving instructions.
11. 在給予指示的時(shí)候多使用祈使句。
12. use bulleted or numbered lists for items in a series.
12. 把同級(jí)的觀點(diǎn)以項(xiàng)目符號(hào)或編號(hào)的形式排列。
13. anticipate your readers' questions and respond to them directly.
13. 預(yù)測(cè)讀者可能會(huì)提出的問(wèn)題并在文中回答。
14. keep quotations brief and credit your sources.
14. 引言要盡可能簡(jiǎn)短，并標(biāo)明出處。
15. use meaningful headings and subheadings to highlight your organizational plan and guide your readers.
15. 標(biāo)題和副標(biāo)題要具有代表性的，以此突出邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，指引讀者。
16. use appropriate graphics to enhance and illustrate key points.
16. 適當(dāng)使用圖表來(lái)突出重點(diǎn)。
17. briefly summarize your conclusions or recommendations at the end of the document.
17. 在文末簡(jiǎn)要地總結(jié)你的結(jié)論或建議。
18. read your draft aloud as you revise.
18. 邊修改邊大聲讀出你的草稿。
19. cut the clutter as you edit.
19. 把累贅的地方刪除掉。
20. proofread your text--and ask someone else to proofread it as well.
20. 校對(duì)文本，當(dāng)你認(rèn)為沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，也可以請(qǐng)求別人幫你校對(duì)。
