所謂反面著筆，又稱正說反譯或反說正譯，指的是原文從一個(gè)角度表達(dá)，而譯文則反向翻譯。下面小編就和大家分享超實(shí)用的翻譯技巧，希望能夠幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。
超實(shí)用的翻譯技巧
反面著筆作為一種巧妙的翻譯技巧，常常能在英譯漢中起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。
這種翻譯方法，有時(shí)是因?yàn)樵跐h語中無法直接按照英語的表達(dá)來正向翻譯，于是反其道而行之，反面著筆，使譯文流暢;有時(shí)，譯者故意為之，能為譯文增添不少色彩。
來看一個(gè)簡單的例子吧：
例句：Guests are still arriving.
譯文：客人們正在來。
乍一看，這一句話確實(shí)準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了英語句子的意思，而且這句話也沒有理解上的障礙。但在中文中，我們并不會(huì)采用這種表達(dá)方式，將現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)死板地說成“正在”。那么，如果改成“客人們還沒到齊”，是不是更符合漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣呢?
下面，我們再舉幾個(gè)例子，讓大家體會(huì)一下這種巧妙的反面著筆法。
例句：I could not relax and still feel wide awake.
譯文：我不能放松下來，仍覺得沒有一點(diǎn)睡意。
譯文從反面，將“一直清醒”譯成了“沒有一點(diǎn)睡意”，和“feel”譯出的“覺得”句意連貫，且更符合中文的習(xí)慣用法。
例句：I hear everything.
譯文：什么都瞞不過我。
在這句話的翻譯中，將整句話都反向翻譯了。英語句中I是主語，everything是聽到的內(nèi)容，而翻譯中將主語和賓語的位置調(diào)換，并使用否定以表達(dá)“所有”。這樣翻譯，更能突出句子想要表達(dá)的“無所不知”的意思。
例句：There is nothing like fresh date to offer vitamin C.
譯文：鮮棗是提供維生素C的最佳水果。
將英語中的否定形式，翻譯成了漢語中的肯定句。不受到英語固定搭配的限制，漢語翻譯顯得更地道。
例句：The moon lies fair upon the straits.
譯文：長峽托孤月。
詩歌或散文的翻譯中，也可以使用反面著筆的方法。這句英語說的是月亮在海峽上，而翻譯則譯成了海峽托起月亮，這樣既生動(dòng)形象，又富有美感。
2020年catti筆譯三級強(qiáng)化練習(xí)題
奠定了獲得抗震救災(zāi)全面勝利的基礎(chǔ)Lay the foundation for disaster relief
受剝削的悲慘命運(yùn)A life under exploitation
合家團(tuán)圓的幸福夜晚A family evening
慶祝生日的歡樂氣氛Birthday celebration
違反消費(fèi)者權(quán)利的惡劣舉措Conduct that violates consumer rights
從而形成了人人參加全球討論的局面Everyone is involved in the discussion of globalization.
消費(fèi)量在過去幾年中連續(xù)上升的趨勢Consumption increased in the past few years.
明確規(guī)則產(chǎn)生了改善業(yè)績的效果Clarification of rules led to improvement of performance.
先去二樓接待室，宣傳材料以及照片等等都在接待室里。
You need to go to the reception on the second floor where you’ll find the brochure and photos.
我們開始采取積極的財(cái)政政策和比較寬松的貨幣政策。這兩個(gè)政策的目的都是要改善經(jīng)濟(jì)。
We are implementing a proactive fiscal policy and a relatively relaxed monetary policy both of which are designed to improve the economy.
英國商業(yè)部和英國財(cái)政部聯(lián)合成立經(jīng)濟(jì)政策研究組。商業(yè)部和財(cái)政部各派出三人。
Department of Business and the Treasury set up a joint study group, each provided three people.
辦公室里有一些紅椅子你可以用。There are red chairs in the office you can use.
我再解釋納米技術(shù)是，已經(jīng)舉過幾個(gè)例子了。When explaining nanotechnology, I already provided example.
中午飯很豐盛，有各種各樣的飯菜。
There was a wide variety of food at lunch.
中國人民進(jìn)行了不屈不撓的斗爭，無數(shù)仁人志士苦苦探索救國救民的道路。
Chinese people struggled relentlessly and uncompromisingly. Numerous people of character and ambition searched hard for a way to save the country and its people.
這些斗爭和探索，每一次都在一定的歷史條件下推動(dòng)了中國的進(jìn)步，但又一次一次地失敗了。
Their struggle and experiment facilitated the progress of China given the historical circumstances of the time, but again and again, the struggle and experiment failed.
紫禁城舉世聞名、氣勢雄偉。古往今來，是歷史的見證。
2020年翻譯資格考試三級筆譯備考資料：《蘭亭集序》
It is the ninth year of Yonghe (A.C.353), also known as the year of Guichou in terms of the Chinese lunar calendar.On one of those late spring days, we gather at the Orchid Pavilion, which is located in Shanyin County, Kuaiji Prefecture, for dispelling bad luck and praying for good fortune.The attendees of the gathering are all virtuous intellectuals, varying from young to old. Endowed with great mountains and lofty peaks, Orchid Pavilion has flourishing branches and high bamboo bushes all around, together with a clear winding brook engirdled, which can thereby serve the guests by floating the wine glasses on top for their drinking. Seated by the bank of brook, people will still regale themselves right by poetizing their mixed feelings and emotions with wine and songs, never mind the absence of melody from string and wind instruments.
永和九年，歲在癸(guǐ)丑。暮春之初，會(huì)于會(huì)(kuài)稽山陰之蘭亭，修禊(xì)事也。群賢畢至，少長(zhǎng)咸集。此地有崇山峻嶺，茂林修竹，又有清流激湍，映帶左右,引以為流觴(shāng)曲水，列坐其次。雖無絲竹管弦之盛，一觴一詠，亦足以暢敘幽情。
It is such a wonderful day, with fresh air and mild breeze.Facing upwards to the blue sky, we behold the vast immensity of the universe; when bowing our heads towards the ground, we again satisfy ourselves with the diversity of species.Thereby we can refresh our views and let free our souls, with luxuriant satisfaction done to both ears and eyes. How infinite the cheer is!
是日也，天朗氣清，惠風(fēng)和暢。 仰觀宇宙之大，俯察品類之盛。所以游目騁(chěng)懷，足以極視聽之娛，信可樂也。
People keep coming and going, and life soon rushes to its end. Some people prefer to share their proud aspiration and lofty goals with close friends indoors, while some others choose to follow their interest and free their minds wherever and whenever they like. May characters vary from person to person, or some would rather stay peaceful while others like to live restlessly, they will all become delighted and satisfied once they meet something pleasant, so cheerful that they get unaware of their imminent old age.However, when they get tired of their old fancies that they’ve already experienced, and sentiment correspondingly accompanies the change of situation, all sorts of complicated feelings will well up in the heart, too. Isn’t it thought-provoking that the happiness we used to enjoy passes by without leaving a single trace, let alone that the length of life is subject to the fate, and death is inevitable for anybody in the end? Just as some ancient man once put it, “Death also deserves our attention, like what life does.”, so how can we restrain ourselves from grieving?
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