為什么用做托福閱讀的方法答不出GRE高分

為什么用做托福閱讀的方法答不出GRE高分，從頭說起!我們看看吧，下面小編就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

為什么用做托福閱讀的方法答不出GRE高分，從頭說起

伙伴們必須首先認清，GRE的閱讀考試不同于我們過去所經(jīng)歷的各種閱讀考試，無論是中文還是英文，無論是小學(xué)和中學(xué)階段的語言考試，還是大學(xué)之后可能經(jīng)歷的四六級閱讀考試，抑或是TOEFL/IELTS中的閱讀考試。

GRE閱讀所測試的能力決定了我們必須以不同的閱讀策略切入，拋棄我們所固有的、已經(jīng)習(xí)以為常的閱讀習(xí)慣。那么，要做到這一點，我們就必須首先弄清楚GRE閱讀考試到底考察哪些能力。下面我就來看看GRE官方指南是怎么說的：

Reading Comprehension questions are designed to test a wide range of abilities required to read and understand the kinds of prose commonly encountered in graduate school. Those abilities include:1understanding the meaning of individual words/理解詞義2understanding the meaning of individual sentences/理解句意3understanding the meaning of paragraphs and larger bodies of text/理解段落及篇章的意義4distinguishing between minor and major points/區(qū)分細節(jié)與主旨5summarizing a passage/概括段落

6drawing conclusions from the information provided/從已有信息當中推出結(jié)論7reasoning from incomplete data, inferring missing information/從已有信息當中推出缺失信息8understanding the structure of a text, how the parts relate to one another/理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)和各部分之間關(guān)系9identifying the author’s perspective/判斷作者的視角aidentifying the author’s assumptions/判斷作者的假設(shè)banalyzing a text and reaching conclusions about it/從文本中得出結(jié)論cidentifying strengths and weaknesses/判斷論證的優(yōu)點與缺陷

今天我們先通過兩道題目來了解能力1和2考察的具體展現(xiàn)形式，希望能夠幫助伙伴們迅速理解這項考試的策略，并尋找合適的應(yīng)對方案。

1understanding the meaning of individual words/理解詞義顯然會出現(xiàn)在詞匯題當中。與很多同學(xué)可能熟悉的TOEFL詞匯題不同，我們都知道TOEFL詞匯題的做法是不帶回原文直接選詞義，更多考察的是詞匯量本身，而不是詞匯在語境中的含義;GRE的詞匯題更需要大家能夠根據(jù)上下文推斷詞義。比如：A critical consensus has emerged that Mary McCarthy will be remembered primarily as an essayist rather than as a novelist. But despite her formidable gifts as a polemical and discursive writer, and for all her reputation as an intellectual who sacrificed feeling to intelligence, what powers McCarthy’s best essays are her fictional rather than strictly intellectual gifts. She makes her points by telling stories or by way of vivid description, arresting images and subtle characterization. And for all her exacting sense of fact, McCarthy’s greatest contribution was to blur the distinctions between different kinds of prose writing: to show how fiction could be opened up to the thinking mind and how essays could profit from the techniques of fiction.In the context in which it appears, “discursive” most nearly meansA. ProlificB. SophisticC. RamblingD. AnalyticalE. Circuitous答案：D

這道題目如果同學(xué)們查字典，很容易選出C這個答案，因為discursive和rambling這兩個詞就是同義詞，是“離題的”的意思。然而，在本文背景下，discursive一定是essay的特點，是用來表達intelligence而不是feeling的，在這種上下文背景下，它的意思應(yīng)該是“推論的，論證的：通過推理而非直覺來得出結(jié)論的”，所以選擇的答案是analytical。很顯然，GRE的詞匯題要求的并不簡簡單單是詞匯量本身，而是上下文語義關(guān)系判斷的能力。

2understanding the meaning of individual sentences/理解句意同樣看似考察的是句子本身的字面意思，如果在TOEFL考試當中，只要看懂一個句子的語義，一道句子改寫題基本就不成問題了。但是GRE考試當中，即便考察的是語句本身的語義，選項對原文的改寫不僅僅是句型的改寫，而很可能是不同邏輯形式對等效語義的表達。比如：請輸入正文Astronomers studying a certain kind of supernova (exploding star) were surprised to find the supernovas were fainter than expected. Seeking explanations, they discounted the possibility that cosmic dust might be screening out some of the light, because it would filter out blue light more than red, causing the supernovas to appear redder than they really are. Also, unless spread very smoothly throughout space, the dust would introduce large variations in the measurements. Another possibility is gravitational lensing, the bending of light rays as they skirt galaxies en route. Such lensing occasionally causes brightening, but most often it contributes to the dimness of distant supernovas. Calculations show, however, that this effect becomes important only for sources more distant than the supernovas studied.According to the passage, the astronomers rejected gravitational lensing as an explanation for their findings becauseA. gravitational lensing can cause supernovas to appear brighter than they really areB. their calculations showed a negligible effect of gravitational lensing for light rays from distant sources.C. light rays traveling from the supernovas studied did not have to skirt galaxies.D. the effect of gravitational lensing on the appearance of supernovas is unpredictable.E. the supernovas studied were too near for gravitational lensing to have the observed dimming effect.答案：E這道題很明顯考察的就是最后一句話“this effect becomes important only for sources more distant than the supernovas studied”的意思。而X becomes important for Y這句話，等效于X is not important for non-Y，而題干相當于在問X為什么not important，則答案就應(yīng)該是non-Y。根據(jù)這個形式，鑒于原文的Y相當于distant，則正確選項就應(yīng)該是以not distant為關(guān)鍵信息，所以選擇了E，核心詞是near。其實這個題反映了一個更普遍的常考察的語言現(xiàn)象，即以“only”為邏輯信息的句型其表面語義和實際語義之間的關(guān)系。當我在說“only when I work hard can I get high score”時，我并沒有表達努力工作能夠帶來高分的意思，相反，我所表達是不努力工作沒法帶來高分的意思。而這種現(xiàn)象又代表的是一大類現(xiàn)象，即某種邏輯句型的表面語義和實際語義之間的關(guān)系，它要求同學(xué)們在閱讀時能夠在邏輯等效的句型之間進行語義的靈活切換。

GRE閱讀題之__流派問題

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Ancient Christianity may be divided into two great periods. In the first, it was a religion liable to persecution, suffering severely at times and always struggling to maintain itself; in the second, it became the religion of the State, and in its turn set about to repress and persecute the heathen religions. It was no longer without legal rights; it had the support of the secular rulers and was lavishly endowed with wealth. These two periods are markedly different, and the conditions had a distinct effect upon the life and growth of the Christian religion.

The central idea presented by the author in this paragraph is that:

A. Early Christians were often persecuted for their beliefs, and sometimes even killed.

B. Though later Christians were no longer persecuted, they never forgot the history of their religion.

C. The Christian church became very wealthy over time and was supported by kings and emperors.

D. The two very different periods of early Christianity each served to mold the nature of the religion.

E. Becoming the religion of the State was the turning point for Christianity as a world religion.

正確答案

C

GRE閱讀題之犯罪率在上升

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The same truth is now known about crime; but the understanding and the application of it are just opening upon us. The old and still dominantthought is, as to cause, that a crime is caused by theinscrutable moral free will of the human being, doingor not doing the crime, just as it pleases; absolutelyfree in advance, at any moment of time, to choose ornot to choose the criminal act, and therefore in itself the sole and ultimate cause of crime. Asto treatment, there still are just two traditional measures --- jail, or a fine (for death is nowemployed in rare cases only). But modern science, here as in medicine, recognizes that crimealso (like disease) has natural causes. It need not be asserted for one moment that crime is adisease. But it does have natural causes. And as to treatment, modern science recognizes thatpenal or remedial treatment cannot possibly be indiscriminate and machine- like, but must beadapted to the causes, and to the man as affected by those causes.

The author believes which of the following? Select all correct choices.

A.The dominant thought is that crime is caused by free will

B.Free will is not the only cause of crime

C.Crime is not a disease

正確答案

A B C

GRE閱讀題之美國和歐洲的聯(lián)系

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The American frontier is sharply distinguished from the European frontier -- a fortified boundary line running through dense populations. The most significant thing about the American frontier is, that it lies at the hither edge of free land. In the census reports it is treated as the margin of that settlement which has a density of two or more to the square mile. The term is an elastic one, and for our purposes does not need sharp definition. We shall consider the whole frontier belt, including the Indian country and the outer margin of the "settled area" of the census reports. This paper will make no attempt to treat the subject exhaustively; its aim is simply to call attention to the frontier as a fertile field for investigation, and to suggest some of the problems which arise in connection with it.

1. It can be inferred that the phrase "elastic one" suggests which of the following? Select all correct choices.

A. The American frontier's boundaries are more fluid than static

B. The ways in which we define the American frontier differ and are multifarious

C. The American frontier can be defined in very specific and distinct terms

2. We can infer that the larger essay from which the passage is take focuses mainly on

A. The differences between the American frontier and the European frontier

B. The European settlements on the American frontier

C. The positive and negative effects of the American frontier

D. The importance of census reports

E. The fluctuation of population groups on the American frontier

正確答案

1. A B

2. C

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